Saprospiraceae
| Saprospiraceae | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Saprospiraceae | ||||||||||
| Krieg et al. 2012 |
The Saprospiraceae are a family of bacteria . The type genus is Saprospira . They belong to the Bacteroidetes department .
Appearance
The gram test is negative. Some species are motile by sliding; flagella are absent. Species of the genera Saprospira , Lewinella and Aureispira belong to the representatives that are movable by sliding . They are rod-shaped and form long, multicellular filaments. These can be in some species, e.g. B. in Saprospira grandis and in species of Aureispira be helical. The colonies are often colored pink, yellow, orange, or red. Spore formation does not occur.
Growth and metabolism
The species are aerobic , the metabolism is breathing . Oxygen is always the last electron acceptor . They are chemo-organotrophic .
Occurrence
All species occur in fresh or marine water. Haliscomenobacter hydrossis requires fresh water and is often isolated from sewage and activated sludge. They can be found there in large quantities. Aureispira marina , Aureispira maritima and Lewinella occur in sea water. Saprospira has been isolated in both fresh and marine water.
Systematics
The family consists of four genera:
- Aureispira Hosoya et al. 2006
- Haliscomenobacter van Veen et al. 1973
- Lewinella Sly et al. 1998
- Membranicola Li et al. 2016
- Phaeodactylibacter Chen et al. 2014
- Saprospira Gross 1911
ecology
The members of this family occur exclusively in fresh or marine water. A specialty is the species Saprospira grandis , it is a predator (predator), which prey on other organisms such as diatoms , blue-green algae and other microorganisms with the help of slime, which is also used for sliding movement. When the prey organisms are captured with the mucus, they are transported to the cell with the help of the mucus and ultimately killed by exotoxins and broken down by enzymes, the nutrients released in the process are then taken up by the bacteria. The process of “catching” and “digesting” is called “ixotrophy” in English.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) (as of September 21, 2018)
literature
- Jiri Hausler: Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Vol. 20: Schizomycetes . Springer, 1982, ISBN 978-3-8274-2141-8 , pp. 287-288 .
- War, NR; Ludwig, W .; Whitman, WB; Hedlund, BP; Paster, BJ; Staley, JT; Ward, N .; Brown, D .; Parte, A .: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 363-366 .