Saprospira grandis

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Saprospira grandis
Systematics
Department : Bacteroidetes
Class : Saprospiria
Order : Saprospirales
Family : Saprospiraceae
Genre : Saprospira
Type : Saprospira grandis
Scientific name of the  genus
Saprospira
Gross 1911
Scientific name of the  species
Saprospira grandis
Gross 1911

The bacterial species Saprospira grandis belongs to the family of the Saprospiraceae and is the only species in the genus Saprospira . It occurs in aquatic habitats in both fresh and marine water. A special feature is the ability to kill other bacteria as a predator (predator) and to absorb the released nutrients. The name Saprospira is derived from the Greek adjective 'sapros' (rotten) and 'Spira' (spiral) and refers to the findings of the bacterium in connection with rotting material in fresh or sea water. The species name grandis is derived from the Latin adjective grandis ('large'). In 2012, the genome of the bacterial species was completely sequenced.

Appearance

The species can move smoothly, flagella are absent. When moving, it rotates around its own axis. It forms long, helical filaments made up of several cells. The filaments are 10 to 500 µm long and 0.5-3 µm wide. The filaments do not form any sheaths and are unbranched. Spores are not formed. Some, perhaps all, of the strains contain so-called rhapidosomes within the cells. They consist of a long thread and a cylindrical head and are similar to bacteriophages . The function and how they are formed is not known.

Growth and metabolism

Saprospira grandis is aerobic and chemo-organotrophic , metabolism is respiration . Oxygen is always the last electron acceptor . There are quite high demands on the diet. Since Saprospira is a predator and thus takes substances from the prey organisms, the species produces z. B. relatively few types of amino acids . Most tribes cannot tolerate increased salt content.

Occurrence

Saprospira grandis comes equilibrium a . a. in rotting areas of fresh and marine water. Marin it was isolated from the sand and mud, it was found on sea coasts all over the world. In freshwater they seem to prefer eutrophic conditions and are often associated with algae .

Systematics

Saprospira grandis belongs to the family of the Saprospiraceae, which in turn belongs to the division of the Bacteroidetes . The species was described by Julius Groß in 1911 .

ecology

In Saprospira grandis is a predator (predator), the other organisms such as diatoms , cyanobacteria and other microorganisms with the aid of mucus, which is also used for the sliding movement, captured. When the prey organisms are captured with the mucus, they are transported to the cell with the help of the mucus and ultimately killed by exotoxins and broken down by enzymes, the nutrients released in the process are then taken up by the bacteria. The process of “catching” and “digesting” is called “ixotrophy” in English.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) ( Memento of the original of March 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (As of September 21, 2018) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bacterio.cict.fr

literature

  • Jiri Hausler: Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Vol. 20: Schizomycetes . Springer, 1982, ISBN 978-3-8274-2141-8 , pp. 287-288 .
  • War, NR; Ludwig, W .; Whitman, WB; Hedlund, BP; Paster, BJ; Staley, JT; Ward, N .; Brown, D .; Parte, A .: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 363-366 .
  • Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Eds.): The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 7: Proteobacteria: Delta and Epsilon Subclasses. Deeply Rooting Bacteria . Springer, 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6 , pp. 591-601 .
  • JH Saw, A. Yuryev, M. Kanbe, S. Hou, AG Young, S. Aizawa, M. Alam: Complete genome sequencing and analysis of Saprospira grandis str. Lewin, a predatory marine bacterium. In: Standards in genomic sciences. Volume 6, number 1, March 2012, pp. 84-93, doi: 10.4056 / sigs.2445005 , PMID 22675601 , PMC 3368406 (free full text).

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