Ager tarquinorum

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Ager Tarquinorum is an area name from the mythical royal times , before 509 BC. In Rome .

With the term Eastern and Southern is essentially Campus Martius , omitting the first under Augustus drained marshes of palus Caprae described in the center. The ager Tarquinorum lay outside the Pomerium . According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Titus Livius , the area is said to have served the eponymous Tarquin kings as a cultivation area for grain, before it passed into communal ownership as ager publicus populi Romani after their expulsion . This happened after Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown and the attempt to reinstate the monarchy failed. According to the legends of the time of the kings, the Roman citizens threw the grain harvest into the Tiber to erase the traces of the expelled Etruscan rulers . It is thanks to this looting operation that the Tiber Island formed from a mixture of driftwood due to the low water level and the people were reconciled with the criminal act against the royal family for all time. As a legally newly certified ager Publicus , the area was consecrated to Mars and was renamed Campus Martius .

According to Festus , a Mars altar already stood in the ager Tarquinorum during the royal period. The rulers also use the site to assemble the army or train them militarily. Romulus is said to have already mustered the troops of the city he ruled here, which from the earliest beginnings indicates a distinct military purpose of the field. The later use of the area was determined as ager publicus . In addition to sanctuaries, administrative buildings and porticoes framing them were allowed to be built during the Republican era . The donors were individuals from the Roman aristocracy. It was only in the late republic that tendencies towards closed building programs became apparent, such as the monumental complex of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus , who introduced the traditional system structurally and ideologically with the combination of theater , temple and connected porticos he founded.

The later term Tarentum (also: Terentum ) goes back to the original name ager Tarquinorum , i.e. to the Etruscan origin, which became Tarentum through Graecization and associative transformations in connection with translations.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Filippo Coarelli : Il Campo Marzio. Dalle Origini alla Fina della Repubblica . Quasar, Rome 1997, ISBN 8-871-40106-9 , pp. 136-148.
  2. ^ Lawrence Richardson Jr .: A new Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1992, p. 70.
  3. ↑ In the palus Caprae , Romulus is said to have been kidnapped by Mars - during an army show - in order to lead the son into the circle of the heavenly ones; Sources and analyzes on this at: David Engels: Postea dictus est inter deos receptus. Weather magic and regicide: On the background to the deification of early Roman kings. In: Gymnasium . Volume 114, 2007, pp. 103-130.
  4. ↑ Jaako Aronen: Ager Tarquinorum. In: Eva Margareta Steinby (Ed.): Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae . Volume 1. Quasar, Rome 1993, p. 27.
  5. ↑ Titus Livius 2, 5, 1-2 online ; Dion. Hal. ant. 5.13
  6. ^ Lothar Haselberger : Campus Martius. In: Elisha Ann Dumser (Ed.): Mapping Augustan Rome (= Journal of Roman Archeology . Supplement 50). Portsmouth 2002, pp. 74-77, here: p. 74.
  7. ↑ Titus Livius 2.5: 1-2.
  8. ↑ Titus Livius 2.5,3–4: "The property of the Tarquinians (ager Tarquinorum) , which lay between the city and the Tiber, was consecrated to Mars and henceforth formed the field of Mars."
  9. ↑ Festus 440 L.
  10. ↑ Titus Livius 1,16,1.
  11. ^ A b Jon Albers: Campus Martius. The urban development of the Field of Mars from the Republic to the Middle Imperial Period. Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-89500-921-1 , p. 44.
  12. ↑ Bärbel Schnegg-Köhler: The Augustan Secular Games - 9. On the topography of the Augustan secular games (with reference to Zieliński , Georg Wissowa and others)

literature