Ahl-e Haqq

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The tomb of Dawud in the village of Zarde is a sanctuary of the Ahl-e Haqq

The Ahl-e Haqq ( Persian اهل حق, DMG Ahl-e Ḥaqq , 'People of Truth [of God]'; Kurdish یارسان Yarsan ), also called Kaka'i or Yaresan , are a religious community founded in the 14th century by a wandering dervish, Sultan Sahak , which is located between the border of the Kurdistan Autonomous Region in Iraq (around Halabja ) and Iran in Lorestan and around Kermanshah and more recently also in western states in the diaspora . In addition to Kurdish followers, there are also Lurs , Azerbaijanis , Persians and Arabs . The term Ahl-e Haqq is also used by Islamic sects such as the Hurufites .

In addition to Shiite facets, the religion of the Ahl-e Haqq also has clear elements of Yazidism and Alevism . The number of members is estimated at one million. The main shrines of the Ahl-e Haqq are the tomb of Baba Yadgar in Dohab and the tomb of Sultan Sahak in Perdiwar .

The religious literature of the Ahl-e Haqq with the main work Kalam-e Saranjam is predominantly written in Gorani ( Hawrami and Leki ), with most of the Ahl-e Haqq being in leki. The Ahl-e Haqq consider themselves - regardless of which dialect they speak - as Gûran (Goran) Kurds.

Teaching

The Ahl-e Haqq believe in seven successive incarnations of the deity as well as five epiphanies each of divine hypostases or angels. These have escaped from the divine and formed their own beings. From Sufism (Islamic mysticism ) they have adopted the practice of Dhikr at Cem ceremonies as well as the sharing of communal meals and fraternal coexistence. Cem is understood as a mystical union, with a singing group ( kelamxwen ) reciting religious verses sitting across from an orchestra of several tembûr players. Tembûr (or temîre ) is a Kurdish long-necked lute similar to the tanbur , which has a sacred meaning among the Ahl-e Haqq. Four of the seven levels have already been passed and the divine essence was accordingly shown as the form of the Creator God in Kavandagar, Mortaza Ali, Shah Choschin and Sultan Sahak, with Sultan Sahak first revealing the absolute truth.

Salvation through God is only available to certain people, depending on the clay from which they were created. So people like the Ahl-e Haqq find salvation from yellow clay ( Zarda-gel ), while people made from black clay ( Kāk-e siyah ) are forever doomed.

One of the first scientific descriptions of the Ahl-e Haqq was the work of the Russian orientalist and diplomat Vladimir Minorsky from 1920.

See also

  • Shabak , ethnic-religious group in Northern Iraq

literature

  • Martin van Bruinessen : Mullas, Sufis, and Heretics. The Role of Religion in Kurdish Society: Collected Articles. (Analecta Isisiana: Ottoman and Turkish Studies 44) Gorgias Press & The Isis Press, Piscataway (NJ) 2011
  • Jean During: A critical survey on Ahl-e haqq studies in Europe and Iran. In E. Ozdalga (Ed.): Religion, Cultural Identity, and Social Organization among Alevi in ​​Ottoman and Modern Turkey. Swedish Research Institute, Istanbul 1998, pp. 105-125
  • Philip G. Kreyenbroek: The Yâresân of Kurdistan. In: Khanna Omarkhali (ed.): Religious Minorities in Kurdistan. Beyond the mainstream. (= Studies in Oriental Religions. Volume 68). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-447-10125-7 , pp. 3-11 (English).

Web links

Commons : Ahl-e Haqq  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa . Thompson Gale, Detroit 2004, ISBN 0028657691 , p. 82
  2. ↑ See Bruinessen 2003, chapter: Gûran.
  3. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach: Islam in the Present. Development and expansion - culture and religion - state, politics and law . CH Beck, 5th edition, Munich, 2005, p. 723
  4. ↑ Mustafa Dehqan: An Ahl-i Haqq Kurdish Folio on the Music. In: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Volume 101, 2011, pp. 69–74
  5. ↑ Navid Fozi: The Hallowed Summoning of Tradition: Body Techniques in Construction of the Sacred Tanbur of Western Iran. In: Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 80, No. 1, Winter 2007, pp. 173–205, here p. 107
  6. ↑ Vladimir Minorsky: Notes sur la secte des Ahl-I Haqq . In: Revue du monde musulman, 40, 1920, pp. 20–97