al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā
al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā ( Arabic العروة الوثقى, DMG al-ʿUrwa al-wuṯqā , strongest hold, firmest handle, firm bond ') is an expression from the vocabulary of the Koran , which gave its name to a pan - Islamic magazine in the 19th century .
Koranic usage
In the Koran, the term al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā occurs in two places:
"Whoever does not believe in idols but in God has grasped the strongest hold that does not tear."
“He who has given himself completely to God and is doing good in the process has grasped the bond . Things are going to God. "
According to the Twelve Shiite interpretation, the expression "the strongest hold that does not tear" ( al-ʿurwa al-wuṯqā lā infiṣāma la-hā ) in Sura 2: 256 refers to the "bond of the Imamate ", which continues until the day of resurrection persists and represents a permanent connection between the spiritual and material world.
magazine
In 1884 Jamal al-Din al-Afghani published a magazine together with Muhammad Abduh in Paris under the title "al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā". Its first edition appeared on March 13, 1884 (May 15, 1301 AH). Its aim was to spread Afghani's reformist reinterpretation of Islam and the call for resistance against the British colonial power in Egypt. Al-Afghani and Abduh called on the Muslims to unite under their religion against foreign rule and to find their way back to the original Islam of the pious forefathers ( as-salaf as-salih ). "Al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā" was published for seven months, in total there were eighteen issues. The British colonial authorities immediately banned the magazine in Egypt and India.
The appearance of "al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā" marks the beginning of a pan-Islamic reform movement, the aim of which was to demonstrate the compatibility of traditional and modern, secular institutions and ultimately to understand and justify all aspects of modern life from the teaching of Islam . In 1887, al-Afghani's collaboration with Muhammad Abduh, who later developed the reform idea of Islam in collaboration with Raschīd Ridā , ended. Both published the magazine al-Manār , which appeared for almost 40 years and was read in large parts of the Islamic world.
The reform movement of the Salafiyya at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century was influenced by the ideas of al-Afghani and Abduh. The heterogeneous group of neo-fundamentalist modern Salafists with a jihadist- militant character also invokes their reform ideas.
See also
References and footnotes
- ↑ Cf. Diana Steigerwald: "Twelver Shīʿī Taʾwīl" in Andrew Rippin (ed.): The Blackwell Companion to the Qurʾān Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA a. a. 2006. pp. 373-385. Here p. 374.
- ↑ Collected and reprinted in one volume: Dār al-ʿArab lil-Bustānī. Cairo. 2nd edition, January 1, 1958
- ^ Andreas Meier: The Political Mission of Islam: Programs and Criticism between Fundamentalism and Reforms. Original voices from the Islamic world . Peter Hammer Verlag , Wuppertal 1994, ISBN 3-87294-616-1 , p. 85 .
- ^ Ahmad S. Dallal: The origins and early development of Islamic reform. Ed .: R. Hefner Collection = The New Cambridge History of Islam. Vol. 6: Muslims and modernity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-84443-7 , pp. 107-147 .
- ↑ Olivier Roy: The Islamic Way to the West. Globalization, uprooting and radicalization . Pantheon, Bertelsmann , Gütersloh 2007, again Federal Agency for Civic Education , Bonn 2007, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-89331-731-7 , p. 232 .