al-Ahbaash

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al-Ahbāsh ( Arabic الأحباش, DMG al-Aḥbāš ), English transcribed al-Ahbash , is a religious group of Islam that has been spreading worldwide from Lebanon as the Association of Islamic Charitable Projects (AICP) since the middle of the 20th century . Other names are Jam'īya , al-Habashiyyin , Habashis and mainly in the French- speaking area also Ahbach . These designations are derived from the epithet of the Islamic legal scholar Sheikh Abdullah al-Harari , on whose teachings the group refers. As a reminder of its origins, it is also called al-Habaschi ("the Abyssinian ").

The original society in Beirut , the Jamʿiya al-Maschariʿ al-Chairiya al-Islamiya, Arabic جمعية المشاريع الخيرية الإسلامية, DMG Ǧamʿīyat al-Mašārīʿ al-Ḫairīya al-Islāmīya  , Society of Islamic Charitable Projects, participates as a political party in the elections to the Lebanese parliament.

origin

The movement has its origin in Ethiopia . Abdullah al-Harari (Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harari asch-Shibi al-Abdari), who was born in the Ethiopian city of Harar in 1910, began training there in Shafiʿite law, became a Mufti in the Oromiya region and the teachings of his school established one own religious movement. However, this soon came into conflict with the school of Yusuf Abdulrahman , who represented the Wahhabi ideology of Saudi Arabia. The intervention of the Ethiopian government initially enabled Abdullah al-Habaschi to prevail. His opponents' school was closed and some of their supporters arrested.

When conflicts arose again, however, and probably also because Emperor Haile Selassie increasingly saw him as a threat, he had al-Habaschi deported to Saudi Arabia in 1947 . From there he moved to Jerusalem in 1948 , then continued his studies in Damascus and from 1950 in Beirut. There he and his followers took over the Society of Islamic Philanthropic Projects, founded in 1930 by Sheikh Ahmad al-Adschuz .

development

During the Lebanese Civil War , the religious community gained strong influence and became one of the largest Islamic movements in Lebanon by the late 1980s. While the politically non-violent course was officially maintained, the militia officers of Abd al-Hafiz Qasim were accepted into the movement in 1984 when the organization disbanded.

In the early 1990s, the Society of Islamic Philanthropic Projects also became a political force. Since then she has participated as a party in the elections to the Lebanese parliament, in which she nominated her candidate Dr. Adnan Trabulsi could send.

The group suffered a severe setback on August 31, 1995. Sheikh Nizar al-Halabi, the then leader of al-Habash, was killed in Beirut by masked men of the Palestinian terrorist group Usbat al-Ansar al-Islamiya (Islamic Partisan Society) Close contacts with Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda are said to have been shot in the street. The leader of the terror group, Ahmad 'Abd al-Karim as-Sa'di (alias: Abu Mahjan), was sentenced to death in absentia for this attack, but was able to go into hiding in the south of the country. Three other people involved were executed.

Sheikh Husam Qaraqirah has been the leader since then. In the parliamentary elections in Lebanon in 2005 , however, he was unable to prevail against the candidates from Saad Hariri's anti-Syrian alliance on March 14 .

On August 25, 2010, there was a shooting between Hezbollah and Al-Habash supporters in Beirut .

Spread

With a strong base remaining in Lebanon, the group has meanwhile expanded through Lebanese immigrants. A local organization is usually set up first. The construction of an Islamic AICP center , often with a mosque , religious school, library and cultural center with a ballroom and lecture rooms , is then immediately tackled. Worldwide there are already a large number of such institutions in Australia , Canada and the USA , such as B. the Islamic Center of Anaheim , in Sweden , France and Switzerland , e.g. B. the Center Islamique de Lausanne . More are being planned, one of them in Kiev , Ukraine .

In 2004, the Islamic Association for Charitable Projects (IVWP) began building the “Maschari Center” on the plot of land at Wiener Strasse and the corner of Skalitzer Strasse in Berlin . The seven-story building, which also houses the Omar-Ibn-Al-Khattab mosque with four minarets, named after the conqueror Umar , was completed in 2010. According to the association, the construction project is said to have been financed by 5 million euros from loans and donations collected on site. The association has other addresses in various German cities.

literature

  • M. Kabha, H. Erlich: Al-Ahbash and Wahhabiyya: Interpretations of Islam. In: International Journal of Middle East Studies. 38/4 (2006) 519-538.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A. Nizar Hamzeh and R. Hrair Dekmejian: A Sufi Response To Political Islamism , Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996) 217-229
  2. ↑ Patrick Desplat: Ethiopia - Diaspora in the Horn of Africa ?, case study Harar
  3. ^ A. Nizar Hamzeh: Islamism in Lebanon: A Guide to the Groups. In: The Middle East Quarterly. Volume IV, No. 3, September 1997 ( meforum.org ).
  4. ↑ Timothy Conway: Islam and Sufism (PDF; 663 kB).
  5. ↑ Lebanon Elections 2005, Beirut lebanonwire.com - full results ( Memento from September 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Sunni-Shi'ite clashes in Beirut. In: The Jerusalem Post . August 25, 2010, accessed December 21, 2017.
  7. ↑ New Berlin Mosque looks like a commercial building. In: Welt online . May 21, 2010, ( welt.de ) accessed on December 21, 2017.