al-Hasa
Coordinates: 25 ° 26 ' N , 49 ° 37' E
| Al-Hasa oasis, a developing cultural landscape | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| National territory: |
 Saudi Arabia
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (iii) (iv) (v) |
| Surface: | 8,544 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 21,556 ha |
| Reference No .: | 1563 |
| UNESCO region : | Arabic states |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2018 ( session 42 ) |
Al-Hasa (also called al-Ahsa or Lahsa ; Arabic الأحساء al-Ahsā ' , DMG al-Aḥsāʾ , dialectal al-Ḥasā ) is a historical landscape in eastern Saudi Arabia . The Bedouin dialects of the Arabian Peninsula have the h-sound in the name regularly jump to the beginning of the syllable.
Al-Hasa is located in the east of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf near the Bahrain Islands and is bordered by Kuwait to the north, Najd to the west and Qatar to the south . The urban center of the region is the city of Hofuf . The desert land is 58,000 km², of which only 200 km² are oases and thus agriculturally usable. The country was named after the strongest fortress in the al-Hasa area.
The largest date palm plantation in the world is currently (as of August 2019) near al-Hasa ; Approx. 3 million trees stand here on an area the size of 17,000 soccer fields.
history
The area of al-Hasa was never of great importance for the surrounding empires in Mesopotamia or Persia . Nothing about that changed after the adoption of Islam in the 7th century. The Karmatians took advantage of this in the 10th century and established a state in al-Hasa and on Bahrain , from which they began their campaigns to southern Arabia, against Mecca and Iraq , as well as to Syria and Egypt . In the 11th century, however, al-Hasa and the Karmatians were subjugated by the Buyids (1030) and Seljuks (1077).
Al-Hasa came under the rule of the Ottomans in the 16th century , but the Banu Chalid tribe soon exercised real power in the country. After a Persian interlude from al-Hasa to Oman 1740–1747, the Banu Chalid tried to extend their rule to central Arabia , but they clashed with the Wahhabis and the Saud dynasty , who in 1793 subjugated al-Hasa. Although the Ottomans succeeded in reoccupying the province of al-Hasa and the adjacent Qatar peninsula in 1872, the country was finally occupied by the Wahhabis in 1913 and united with Najd and Saudi Arabia, which thereby gained its first access to the sea via the Gulf. Formally, the country remained an Ottoman province under the administration of the Saudi emir of Najd, but only in Qatar were Ottoman garrisons until 1916.
Oil economy
If in earlier times agriculture in the oases, nomadic grazing and pearl fishing provided a livelihood for the people, the oil industry has been the most important economic factor since the Second World War due to the rich oil discoveries . On the border between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia there was therefore a second neutral zone from 1922 to 1966 (next to the one between Saudi Arabia and Iraq), which was initially jointly exploited. During the Kuwait War in 1990, Iraq also made claims on the Shiite province of al-Hasa and occupied the Saudi border town of Khafji in the formerly neutral zone for three days in early 1991. The zone never had an ISO code because it was split up in 1971 before ISO 3166 was introduced (1974).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Egypt wants the XXL date plantation. Wirtschaftswoche , August 21, 2019, accessed on November 22, 2019 .
Cultural heritage: Al-Hijr archaeological site (Mada'in Salih) (2008) | District at-Turaif in Diriyya (2010) | Old town of Jeddah, the gate to Mecca (2014) | Rock paintings in Ha'il (2015) | Al-Hasa Oasis (2018)