al-Māwardī

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Abū l-Hasan al-Māwardī ( Arabic أبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن حبيب البصري الماوردي, DMG Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb al-Baṣrī al-Māwardī ; * 972 in Basra ; † 1058 in Baghdad ) was an important Muslim legal scholar ( faqih ). He is considered to be the author and supporter of the so-called “doctrine of necessity” on a political level. This means that he advocated a strong caliphate and believed that unrestricted authority for governors would throw the country into chaos. His writings on Islamic law are still relevant today.

Life

Al-Māwardī studied Fiqh with Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Wāhid aṣ-Ṣaimarī in Basra . He then went to Baghdad to deepen his studies with Abū Ḥāmid Ahmad ibn Abī Ṭāhir al-Isfarāyinī (d. 406 after Hijra) and ʿAbdallah al-Bāqī. He then served in various cities, for example in Ustuwā near Nishapur as Qādī , until he finally became Qādī of Baghdad. When in 1037 the Abbasid caliph al-Qaim bi Amr Allah (r. 1031-1075) awarded the Buyid Jalāl ad-Dīn the title Shahanshah ("King of Kings"), al-Māwardī ruled in a fatwa that this was inadmissible. The caliph himself awarded him the honorary title of "supreme Qādī" ( aqḍā al-quḍāt ). In addition, al-Māwardī himself acted on four occasions (1031, 1037, 1042/43, 1043/44) as the caliph's political envoy or negotiator.

Works

  • al-Aḥkām as-sulṭānīya ("The rules pertaining to rule"), systematic treatise on the theory of the state ( digitized version of the Kuwait 1989 edition ). Léon Ostrorog translated the first part of the work under the title Traité de droit public musulman into French ( digitized translation of the Paris 1901 translation ). A complete French translation was done a little later by Edmond Fagnan.
  • al-Ḥāwī al-kabīr , a monumental work on Shafiite law, 22 vols. Beirut 2009.
  • Kitab an-NUKAT wa'l-'uyūn , but not ( "Book of pertinent remarks and refinement characteristics of knowledge"), Koran commentary in which the author sporadically at certain points in all theological questions mu'tazilitische represents views.
  • Adab ad-dunyā wa-d-dīn , a work on ethics.
  • Adab al-qāḍī , a work on the correct conduct of the Qādī . Muḥyī Hilāl Sarḥān edited the work in Baghdad in 1971–2.

literature

  • Carl Brockelmann : History of Arabic Literature . Brill, Leiden, 1943. Vol. I, p. 483, and Supplementary volume I, p. 668.
  • Carl Brockelmann: "al-Māwardī" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. VI, p. 869. Online version
  • Hamilton AR Gibb: "Al-Māwardī's Theory of the Caliphate" in Islamic Culture 11 (1937) 291-302. - Reprinted in Hamilton AR Gibb: Studies on the Civilization of Islam. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1962. pp. 151-165.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Brockelmann: "al-Māwardī" in EI² Vol. VI, p. 869a.
  2. ^ Edmond Fagnan: Les statuts gouvernementaux; ou, Règles de droit public et administratif, tr. et annotés par E. Fagnan. Alger 1915. Digitized

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Māwardī, Al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mawardi, Abu l-Hasan al; Māwardī, Abū l-Hasan al-; Alboacene (latinized); Abu l-Hasan ʿAli ibn Muhammad ibn Habib al-Basri al-Mawardi (full name); أبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن حبيب البصري الماوردي (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Islamic legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH 972
PLACE OF BIRTH Basra
DATE OF DEATH 1058
Place of death Baghdad