Alceste de Ambris

Alceste De Ambris (born September 15, 1874 in Licciana Nardi , † December 9, 1934 in Brive-la-Gaillarde ) was an Italian syndicalist , journalist and activist .

biography

After studying law in Parma , he fled to São Paulo in May 1898 before being drafted as a soldier . There he founded a powerful union and the newspaper Avanti! He fled back to Parma in April 1903 before a court judgment brought against large landowners. There he founded a syndicalist-oriented parliamentary group of the Socialist Party and worked for the weekly newspaper L'Internazionale. He became secretary of the Camera del Lavoro in Parma and organized a general strike with farm workers in May 1908 . Persecuted by the military, he had to flee abroad again. On his return in 1912, he and his brother Amilcare De Ambris founded the Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI) in Modena .

Although he rejected parliamentarism on principle, he became a member of the "protest candidacy" for the Chamber of Parma. The immunity initially protected him from further persecution. He rejected Italy's colonial war against the Ottoman Empire over Libya . In contrast, he and other "interventionists" demanded Italy's entry into the First World War . He wanted to use the war against Habsburg and Austria-Hungary as a catalyst for social change in Italy. For a short time he also worked with Mussolini , who pursued similar goals. After the war he separated from Mussolini and joined Gabriele D'Annunzio after the occupation of Fiume . There he worked out a syndicalist constitution Carta del Carnaro for the Italian reign at Quarnero , which provided for a corporatist state.

After the March on Rome in 1922 he went into massive opposition to the fascists around Mussolini. Again he was forced to emigrate. From 1923 until his death in 1934 he worked in Paris in an association of anti-fascists.

On September 27, 1964, his body was transferred to the Villetta Cemetery in Parma.

literature

• F. Cordova: Aleceste De Ambris. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 33, 1987, pp. 214-222.
• Aleceste De Ambris: Dopo un ventennio.IL corporativismo. Bordeaux 1935
• Renzo de Felice: Syndicalismo rivoluzionario e fiumanesimo nel carteggio De Ambris-D´Annunzio (1919-1922) , Brescia 1966