Alexander Sergeevich Davydov
Alexander Davydov ( Russian Александр Сергеевич Давыдов ; Ukrainian Олександр Сергійович Давидов / Oleksandr Serhijowytsch Davydov ; English transliteration Aleksandr Sergeevich Davydov * 26. December 1912 in Yevpatoria , Russian Empire ; † 19th February 1993 in Kiev , Ukraine ) was a Soviet-Ukrainian Physicist.
Davydov graduated from Lomonosov University in Moscow in 1939 with a degree in physics . During the Second World War he worked in an aircraft factory in Ufa . He then worked from 1945 to 1953 at the Physical Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kiev. 1954 to 1964 he was professor at the Lomonosov University in Moscow (and at the same time from 1953 to 1956 at the Obninsk Nuclear Research Center ) and then again from 1964 at the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. From 1966 he was at the Bogolyubov Institute, the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Academy, at which he was director from 1973 to 1988. He also remained honorary director afterwards.
Dawydow is known for his work on molecular physics and optics ( Davydov splitting ) and dealt with collective nuclear excitations (rotational excitations of deformed nuclei in the Davydov-Filippov model). Later he also turned to biophysics . He also introduced soliton excitations named after him in molecules (Davydov soliton), originally to explain how muscles work. He is also known for his quantum mechanics textbook, which has also been translated into German. In the 1940s he introduced a wave equation for spin 3/2 particles independently of William Rarita and Julian Schwinger . In the 1980s he also developed a soliton theory of high-temperature superconductors .
From 1964 he was an academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences .
Fonts
- Quantum Mechanics, 1967, 5th edition 1978, Berlin, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften (Russian, Nauka, Moscow 1963, 2nd edition 1973, English translation Pergamon Press 1965, also Japanese, Polish, Czech)
- Theory of the absorption of light by molecule-crystals (Russian), Kiev 1951
- Theory of Molecular Excitons, McGraw Hill 1962, Plenum Press 1971 (Russian 1968)
- Theory of atomic nuclei, Nauka, Moscow 1958 (Russian)
- Solid State Theory, Nauka, Moscow 1980 (Russian, also in French and Spanish translation)
- Solitons in Molecular Systems, Reidel 1985, 1991 (Russian 1984)
- Biology and Quantum Mechanics, Pergamon Press 1982
- Solitons in Bioenergetics, Kiev 1986 (Russian)
- High-temperature superconductivity, Kiev 1990 (Russian)
Web links
- Literature by and about Aleksandr S. Davydov in the catalog of the German National Library
- Short biography at CERN, pdf
- Conference in Kiev 2008 in his honor ( Memento of January 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Website of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Membership page Oleksandr Serhijowytsch Dawydow ( Memento from November 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) ( Russian )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Davydov, Alexander Sergejewitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Dawydow, Oleksandr Serhijowytsch (Ukrainian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ukrainian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 26, 1912 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Evpatoria , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | 19th February 1993 |
| Place of death | Kiev , Ukraine |