Alpine doll snail
| Alpine doll snail | ||||||||||||
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Alpine pupa snail ( Pupilla alpicola ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pupilla alpicola | ||||||||||||
| ( Charpentier , 1837) |
The alpine pupa snail ( Pupilla alpicola ), also alpine pupa snail is a type of snail from the family of the pupa snail , which belongs to the subordination of the land snail (Stylommatophora). Since the establishment of the wet meadow pupa snail ( Pupilla pratensis ) as an independent species, it has been shown that many records of the alpine pupa snail can actually be assigned to the wet meadow pupa snail.
features
The cylindrical case is 2.8 to 3.3 mm high and 1.75 to 1.8 mm wide. The apex is comparatively flattened. It has about six turns, which are only moderately curved at the periphery and are separated from one another by a moderately deep seam. The mouth is obliquely elliptical, wider than it is high. The edge of the mouth is only slightly bent and very fragile. The mouth is toothless; a weak parietal tooth can rarely be developed. The neck bulge is weak or absent. The shell is comparatively thin and translucent. The surface shows clear growth lines. The last turn has a longitudinal groove on the outer surface about a quarter from the base. On the inside it corresponds to a fine, narrow longitudinal back.
In the hermaphroditic genital apparatus, the sperm duct branches off from the egg duct (sperm duct) early on. It is moderately long and not very winding. It opens apically into the epiphallus. The epiphallus is long, longer than the penis. A small appendix is formed at the epiphallus / penis transition. Another very long appendix starts about in the middle of the penis length. It is initially very in the (cap) first third, then becomes very thin in the second third and thickens in the last third club-shaped. The free fallopian tube is very long, but the vagina is quite short. The stem of the spermathec is very long and the actual bladder is relatively small. A short diverticulum starts near the bladder .
Similar species
The shell is similar to that of the moss pup snail ( Pupilla muscorum ). However, it has a significantly more cylindrical, wider and on average larger housing with a flatter apex. The turns are more curved at the periphery. The mouth is toothless (or only with a small parietal tooth). The edge of the mouth is very thin and fragile, and slightly bent back. The housing wall is thinner and more translucent than the housing of the pupilla muscorum . It is also more clearly streaked. The mouth is wider than it is high, so it is more flattened than the pupilla muscorum . The mouth is mostly unreinforced, or rarely provided with a weak parietal tooth.
The wet meadow pupa snail ( Pupilla pratensis ) , which was only re-established in 2009, is very similar . Both cases are relatively wide. However, the pupilla alpicola is lower and more cylindrical, and the apex is significantly shallower. It also has a distinct groove on the outside near the mouth about a quarter from the base; this is absent in pupilla pratensis . Presumably, the older lowland records of Pupilla alpicola actually relate to Pupilla pratensis .
Geographical distribution and habitat
The alpine pupa snail occurs in the Alps, Carpathians and probably in the Central Asian Altai Mountains almost exclusively above 1000 m to about 2600 m above sea level. An isolated occurrence is in Franconian Switzerland.
The species lives there on wet or marshy meadows on a heavily calcareous subsoil that is only sparsely overgrown. Investigations in the Western Carpathians have shown that the species is a glacial relic. None of the populations examined was more than 40 km from the putative paleorefugium.
Taxonomy
The taxon was proposed by Jean Charpentier as Pupa (Sphyradium) alpicola in 1837 . The taxon is widely recognized.
Danger
The Alpine pupa snail is threatened with extinction in Germany, as well as in Poland. The populations in Bavaria have died out due to habitat destruction. Most of the populations in Poland are also extinct.
supporting documents
literature
- Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's natural guide 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 148.
- Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knore: Common names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). In: Mollusca. 26 (1), Dresden 2008, ISSN 1864-5127 , pp. 105-156.
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 119.
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 , p. 206.
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 , p. 130.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 2 Subclasa Pulmonata I Ordo Basommatophora II Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafamiliile: Succinacea, Cochlicopacea, Pupillacea. Bucharest 1987, pp. 312-313.
- ↑ Michal Horsák, Jana Škodová, Nicole H. Cernohorsky: Ecological and historical determinants of Western Carpathian populations of Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837) in relation to its present range and conservation. In: Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77 (3), 2011, pp. 248-254. doi : 10.1093 / mollus / eyr010
- ^ J. de Charpentier: Catalog des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique. In: New memoranda of the Swiss General Society for the Whole Natural Sciences - Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles 1 (2) 1837, pp. 1–28, Tab. I-II [= 1-2]. Neuchatel. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 16)
- ↑ Fauna Europaea
- ↑ a b c Welter-Schultes, Identification Book, p. 130.
- ↑ a b Wiese, Landschnecken, p. 105.
