Pupilla

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Pupilla
Moss snail (Pupilla muscorum)

Moss snail ( Pupilla muscorum )

Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Pupilloidea
Family : Doll snails (Pupillidae)
Genre : Pupilla
Scientific name
Pupilla
Fleming , 1828

Pupilla is a genus of snails from the family of pupae snails (Pupillidae); the family belongs to the subordination of land snails (Stylommatophora). The oldest forms come from the Upper Oligocene ( Paleogene ).

features

The mostly elongated, egg-shaped or cylindrical housings are right-wound, rarely left-wound. They reach a maximum height of about 5 mm. Five to eight turns are formed. The surface can be smooth, but also have weak, dense ribs. The periphery of the turns are slightly to moderately curved. The mouth is small and rounded, pear-shaped or egg-shaped compared to the case size. The edge of the mouth is more or less curved outwards. The mouth is reinforced with a maximum of four teeth; two palatal, one columellar and one parietal tooth. However, the elements are variable and can also be completely reduced. The housings are light horn to reddish brown. The peel can be thin to firm.

In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the spermatic duct penetrates apically into the long epiphallus . This opens into the penis close to the atrium. The short and thick penis has a very long appendix at the top. There is also usually a short appendix on the epiphallus. The retractor muscle splits into two strands. One strand inserts approximately in the middle of the epiphallus, the other strand apically on the penis, usually next to the penile appendix. Vagina and free fallopian tubes mostly long. The stalk of the spermathec has a more or less long diverticulum.

Geographical distribution

The species of the genus Pupilla occur in Eurasia, North America, Africa and Australia.

Taxonomy

The taxon Pupilla was proposed by John Fleming in 1828 in the synonymy of Pupa . Type species through monotype is Pupa marginata Draparnaud, 1801, a more recent synonym of Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) Schileyko (1998) subdivided the genus into five subgenera:

It is extremely doubtful whether the pupilla species listed in the Checklist of Indian Land Mollusca actually belong to this genus. Some species certainly belong to other genera:

    • Pupilla barrackporensis Gude (= Insulipupa malayana (Issel, 1874))
    • Pupilla brevicostis (Benson, 1849) (=?)
    • Pupilla diopsis (Benson, 1863) (=? Gibbulinopsis diopsis (Benson, 1863))
    • Pupilla gutta (Benson, 1864) (=?)
    • Pupilla muscerda (Benson, 1853) (= Microstele muscerda (Benson, 1853))
    • Pupilla muscorum asiatica (Moellendorff, 1902) (? = Pupilla loessica Ložek, 1954 or syn. Of Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758))
    • Pupilla salmensis (Blanford) (=?)
    • Pupilla seriola (Benson, 1863) (=? Gibbulinopsis seriola (Benson, 1863))

The Pupilla pupula (Deshayes, 1863) from the island of Réunion, listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, is now part of the genus Gibbulinopsis .

supporting documents

literature

  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (1): 1-126, Moscow 1998 ISSN  0136-0027

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hartmut Nordsieck (V.2014): Annotated check-list of the genera of fossil land snails (Stylommatophora) of western and central Europe (Cretaceous - Pliocene) ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was used automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hnords.de
  2. ↑ John Fleming: A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematic arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. P. I-XXXIII, 1-565, Edinburgh, Bell & Bradfute, 1828 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Wilhelm Wenz: Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. In: Carl Diener (Ed.), Fossilium catalogus, 1 Animalium , 20: 737-1068, Berlin 1923 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 952-957).
  4. ↑ a b Jeffrey C. Nekola and Brian F. Coles: Pupillid country Snails of Eastern North America. American Malacological Bulletin, 28 (2): 29-57, 2010 doi : 10.4003 / 006.028.0221
  5. ^ Mathias Harzhauser, Thomas A. Neubauer, Martin Gross, Herbert Binder: The early Middle Miocene mollusc fauna of Lake Rein. Palaeontographica Department A, 302 (1-6): 1 - 71, 2014.
  6. ↑ Rıdvan Sesen, Hartwig bulk: Five species of land snail Previously unknown from Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 31 (1): 83-86, doi : 10.1080 / 09397140.2004.10638026
  7. ^ Mathias Harzhauser, Martin Gross, Herbert Binder: Biostratigraphy of Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) wetland systems in an Eastern Alpine intramontane basin (Gratkorn Basin, Austria): the terrestrial gastropod approach. Geologica Carpathica, 59 (1): 45-58, 2008
  8. ↑ a b c d Beata M. Pokryszko, Kurt Auffenberg, Jaroslav Č. Hlaváč, Fred Naggs: Pupilloidea of ​​Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part). Annales Zoologici, 59 (4): 423-458, 2009 doi : 10.3161 / 000345409X484847 .
  9. ^ Frank Walther, Bernhard Hausdorf: Pupilla (Pupilla) kyrostriata n. Sp. from Transcaucasia (Gastropoda: Pupillidae). Archive for Molluscology, 143 (1): 51-56, 2014 doi : 10.1127 / arch.moll / 1869-0963 / 143 / 051-056
  10. ^ John TC Yen, O. Kühn: Fossil non-marine mollusc faunas from northern China. Meeting reports of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 177 (1/3): 21-71, 1969 abstract
  11. ↑ Ramakrishna, SC Mitra and A. Dey: Checklist of Indian Land Mollusca. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 306, 1-359 2010 PDF ( Memento of the original from September 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zsi.gov.in
  12. ^ Edmund Gittenberger, AC van Bruggen: Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoological Mededelingen, 87: 235-273, 2013 PDF
  13. ^ A b Alan Solem: Some mollusks from Afghanistan. Fieldiana Zoology, new series, 1: 1-89, 1979 Online at www.archive.org
  14. ↑ Endemic Land snails of Sri Lanka
  15. ↑ P. Agócsy, L. Pintér: Results of the zoological research by Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia 260. Mollusks. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Pars Zoologica, 63: 153-158, Budapest 1971 PDF
  16. ^ Kantor, Yuri I., Maxim V. Vinarski, Anatoly A. Schileyko, Alexander V. Sysoev 2010: Catalog of the Continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories. Version 2.3.1 (March 2, 2010) PDF
  17. ↑ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pupilla pupula
  18. ↑ Conservation Nature: Gibbulinopsis pupula (Deshayes, 1863)

On-line

Web links

Commons : Pupilla  - collection of images, videos and audio files