Old Synagogue (Bonn)

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Old Synagogue in Bonn (probably 1880s)

The Old Synagogue in Bonn , a large city in North Rhine-Westphalia , was built in 1877/78 and destroyed by the National Socialists in 1938 .

location

The synagogue was located on the banks of the Rhine (Rhein-Werft; today Moses-Hess-Ufer) on the northern side of what was then Tempelstrasse ( Judengasse until 1886 , now defunct) on the northern side of the Old Rhine Bridge on a 1.30 m to the Rhine sloping, 555 m² property.

history

The synagogue of the Jewish community in Bonn was built on the new Judengasse, which was laid out in 1715, according to plans by the royal building inspector Hermann Eduard Maertens (1823–1898), who was an architect in Bonn at the time and who submitted a draft for the project in December 1874 and at the latest in January 1876 was commissioned by the municipality with the implementation. One example was the Glockengasse synagogue (1857–1861) by Ernst Friedrich Zwirner in Cologne. The building permit was issued on January 18, 1877, construction work took place from the summer of 1877 to the beginning of December 1878 and the inauguration took place on January 31, 1879. In 1909/10, based on a design by the Bonn architect and government master builder Karl Thoma, a Jewish community hall was added to the neighboring property, which was connected to it to form a holistic facility including green areas and fencing. In addition, the synagogue received a single-storey extension. In 1928 it was rebuilt and renovated under the direction and according to plans of the Cologne architect Robert Stern .

During the November pogroms of 1938 , the synagogue was set on fire on the morning of November 10, presumably by SS men, and set on fire again during the day. The fire ruins were demolished in December 1938 together with the parish hall. In June 1939 the property passed from the Jewish community to the ownership of the city of Bonn. From December 1942 to December 1943 a wooden barrack was built as a day-care center on the basement foundations of the synagogue, but it was not set up and used as such and was demolished after the end of the Second World War . The foundations of the former synagogue were finally covered with a concrete slab and gravel so that the area could be used as a parking lot. In 1953, the newly founded Jewish community in Bonn received the property back through the Jewish Trust Corporation , but sold it back to the city in 1955 in return for the purchase of a property for the construction of a new synagogue .

Since January 1963, a plaque on the stairs to the Kennedy Bridge has been pointing to the former location of the synagogue. From May to September 1987, its foundations, which were still in good condition, were excavated by the Rhenish Office for Ground Monument Preservation in advance of the construction of a new hotel , but have largely not been preserved. A more comprehensive memorial on Moses-Hess-Ufer has only been commemorating the destroyed synagogue since 1988, from whose field bricks it was built. On the opposite side of the street in front of the terrace of 1989 finished today's Hilton Hotel Hotels are the true position relocated foundation remains the Rhine side east wall of the synagogue, as archaeological monument under monument protection standing. In addition, a fragment of a column was erected at the new Bonn synagogue in 1990 as a spoilage of the destroyed old synagogue with a memorial plaque, which was moved to the Jewish cemetery of the Kottenforst forest cemetery in the Bonn district of Ückesdorf in spring 2019 .

The synagogue house and building records had been lost since 1962. In 2017 it was found in a private household in Bonn and given to the Bonn City Archives.

  • Remnants of the foundations of the former synagogue

  • Memorial to the memory of the old synagogue in Bonn

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Alte Synagoge (Bonn)  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry in the Bonn street cadastre
  2. ^ A b c Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - emergence and destruction . Pp. 243/244.
  3. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 201.
  4. ^ Boris Schafgans: Hermann Eduard Maertens (1823–1898). On the life and work of the architect and author in Bonn . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter: Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , ISSN  0068-0052 , Volume 68 (2018), Bonn 2019, pp. 139–212 (here: p. 176-178).
  5. ↑ Martin Gussone, Martina Müller-Wiener: Das Mausoleum Dr. George Guier in Bad Godesberg and Orientalism . In: Godesberger Heimatblätter: Annual issue of the Association for Home Care and Home History Bad Godesberg eV , ISSN  0436-1024 , Issue 48 (2010), Association for Home Care and Home History Bad Godesberg , Bad Godesberg 2011, pp. 78-95 (here: p. 82 ).
  6. ^ Boris Schafgans: Hermann Eduard Maertens (1823–1898). On the life and work of the architect and author in Bonn . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter: Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , ISSN  0068-0052 , Volume 68 (2018), Bonn 2019, pp. 139–212 (here: p. 180/181).
  7. ^ A b Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . Pp. 248/249.
  8. ^ Elfi Pracht-Jörns : Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part I: Cologne district (= contributions to architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 34.1). JP Bachem Verlag , Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-7616-1322-9 , p. 476/477.
  9. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 246.
  10. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 260.
  11. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 262.
  12. ↑ Boris Schafgans: The "Synagogenplatz" in Bonn after 1938 . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter: Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , ISSN  0068-0052 , Volume 68 (2018), Bonn 2019, pp. 213–222 (here: pp. 215/217).
  13. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . Pp. 254/255.
  14. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 263.
  15. ↑ Boris Schafgans: The "Synagogenplatz" in Bonn after 1938 . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter: Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , ISSN  0068-0052 , Volume 68 (2018), Bonn 2019, pp. 213–222 (here: pp. 218).
  16. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 264.
  17. ^ Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 264/265.
  18. ^ A b Nicole Bemmelen: The new Judengasse in Bonn - origin and destruction . P. 268.
  19. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn, number B 15
  20. ^ Gabriele Zabel-Zottmann: Sculptures and objects in the public space of the federal capital Bonn - installed from 1970 to 1991 . Dissertation, Bonn 2012. Part 2, p. 27. ( online ; PDF; 5.8 MB)
  21. ↑ Boris Schafgans: The "Synagogenplatz" in Bonn after 1938 . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter: Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , ISSN  0068-0052 , Volume 68 (2018), Bonn 2019, pp. 213–222 (here: pp. 221).
  22. ↑ City of Bonn: Construction file of the old Bonn synagogue emerged. In: bonn.de. December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017 .
  23. ↑ Nicole Bemmelen: The rediscovered building police files of the old synagogue in Bonn . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter: Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , ISSN  0068-0052 , Volume 68 (2018), Bonn 2019, pp. 127-138.

Coordinates: 50 ° 44 '17.47 "  N , 7 ° 6' 23.7"  E