Judengasse

Jewish street names, Jewish Museum Berlin

Max Liebermann The Judengasse in Amsterdam , 1908, Städelsches Kunstinstitut

A Judengasse , in which the Jewish population lived and worked, had existed in numerous cities in German-speaking countries since the Middle Ages . Closed quarters in which Jews lived have also been referred to as ghettos since this term was introduced in Venice in 1516 .

The common living of Jews in a certain district in the Middle Ages was based on religious principles, such as the requirement to live no further than a thousand paces from the synagogue. Living together in a street was also based on the need to protect the protective Jews residing in a city .

Living according to occupational groups was typical of a medieval city. So there were often baker's, blacksmith's or weberg's alleys. A separate street for the Jews as a group of medieval townspeople was therefore nothing special. In every Jewish neighborhood there was a synagogue with a school , a mikvah , a hospital and its own cemetery . According to their diet , the Jews had their own butchers and bakers. Even if the Jews were not admitted to guilds, they worked for their community in many different professions. Your community also had a council. The Jewish community formed a kind of city within the city, but without demarcation or exclusion from the other residents.

Examples:

• Judengasse in Berlin
• Judengasse in Cologne
• Frankfurt Judengasse
• Nordstrasse in Hanau
• Judengasse in Koblenz
• Jüdengasse in Naumburg (→ Naumburg / History )
• Judengasse in Rottweil (today Kameralamtsgasse)
• Judengasse in Salzburg
• Judengasse in Stuttgart
• Judengasse in Trier
• Judengasse and Judenplatz in Vienna

See also: List of Judengassen

Also in other cities such as B. Aachen , Ahrweiler , Bad Homburg vor der Höhe , Bad Vilbel , Coburg , Eggenfelden , Herford , Lippstadt , Nördlingen , Ravensburg , Speyer , Tübingen , Waiblingen , Worms , in Naters and Solothurn in Switzerland, in Enns, Krems an der Donau and Mattersburg in Austria are or were there Judengassen. In Mittenwald , Judengasse was right next to the parish church and cemetery. Despite the fact that it was renamed to Ballenhausgasse a long time ago, the original name is more common among locals.

See also

• Jüdenstrasse
• Judería
• Au am Rhein : An old Rhine in the Bremengrund nature reserve there bears the name Judengasse .

literature

• The Judengasse in Vienna . In: The Gazebo . Issue 39, 1878, pp. 645, 647-648 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Monika Grübel: Crash Course Judaism. 5th edition. ISBN 3-8321-3496-4 , pp. 102 f., (Section: The first ghetto in the world, Venice).
2. ↑ In the wording: Museum concept of the Lippstadt City Museum. (No longer available online.) April 24, 2014, archived from the original on September 16, 2016 ; accessed on September 15, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ Norbert Haslhofer: Politics with Enns History 1419-1421. Church politics in Passau and politics in Vienna. Background of the Viennese Geserah. Research on the history of the city of Enns in the Middle Ages 2. Norderstedt 2019, ISBN 978-3-7528-6701-5 .
4. ↑ Nature Conservation Center Karlsruhe-Rappenwört of the State of Baden-Württemberg, information on Bremengrund; Retrieved February 19, 2014.