Judería
A judería [ xudeˈɾia ] or the Jewish quarter is the area in a Spanish city where the Jews had to live by law. In a broader sense, this term is used to denote a district in which the majority or all residents of the Jewish faith were.
geography
The calls (from Latin callum 'alley' or Hebrew קָהָל Qahal 'community') has been the term for Judería or Jewish quarter in the Catalan- speaking regions of Spain since 1238 at the latest . However, it only describes the physical location and in no way gives any indication of a Jewish population. Call isn't even synonymous with it. The most important calls are those from Barcelona , Gerona and Palma .
The Call of Barcelona was in what is now Barrio Gótico , around the cathedral. It was the largest call with around 5,000 residents. One of the two gates to the Judería was located between Plaza Sant Jaume and Sant Honorat Street . The current street, Sant Domènec del Call, was the main artery of the district. It got its name after the pogrom of August 5, 1391 following the festival of St. Dominic . The looting lasted for two whole days, during which 200 Jews were murdered and the rest were driven away.
The Call of Gerona originated at the beginning of the XII. Century, when the Jewish families who had lived around the cathedral decided to move to La Força street and formed a community there. Around 800 families lived here in the heyday. The Jews were forbidden to live or trade outside of the neighborhood. They were also asked to wall up the windows facing the streets outside the call . As in Barcelona, the cathedral is located in the old Judería , but only a small medieval part still exists today.
In Call of Palma around 3,000 Jews, or about 15% of the population lived in the city. Although it has not been fully preserved, the medieval Judería is best recognizable here. It also survived various attacks, the last one in 1823. The extraordinary thing about the Judería of Palma is that, after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, a Christian Xueta community settled here, who were referred to by their neighbors as " Crypto Jews ".
In other regions of Spain there are Juderías in Hervás (Cáceres), also one of the better preserved today, in Córdoba , Seville , Jerez de la Frontera , Málaga and Cuéllar (see map).
architecture
The houses were usually built of bricks, clay and wood. The streets were paved and the neighborhood was mostly fenced. This was ordered according to local law and for security reasons as there were frequent raids on the neighborhoods. The chestnut wood used in the Judería of Hervás between the bricks and the clay construction is typical of the architectural style common in northern Spain.
Network of the Juderías
The network of the Juderías ( Spanish Red de Juderías ) of Spain is a public non-profit organization whose aim is to protect and preserve the historical, architectural, artistic and cultural heritage of the Sephardi in Spain. Participating cities are: Ávila , Barcelona , Cáceres , Córdoba , Gerona , Hervás , Jaén , León , Oviedo , Palma , Ribadavia , Segovia , Toledo , Tortosa and Tudela . Associated cities are: Besalú , Calahorra , Estella , Monforte de Lemos , Plasencia and Tarragona .
The speech is one of the carriers of the European Association for the preservation and promotion of culture and heritage of Judaism , (Engl. European Association for the Preservation and Promotion of Jewish Culture and Heritage , AEPJ). It organizes the European Day of Jewish Culture every year .
Network of the Judiarias of Portugal
In Portugal there is also a network of former Juderías , called Judiarias there. This de Judiarias speech currently includes: Belmonte (Portugal) , Castelo de Vide , Freixo de Espada à Cinta , Guarda (Portugal) , Lamego , Penamacor , Tomar , Torres Vedras , and Trancoso .
See also
Web links
- Network of Juderías (es / en)
- Juderías en España
- Network of Portuguese Judiarias (en, po)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Josep-Ramon Magdalena Nom de Déu: Etimologia no semítica de 'call' . In: Calls 2, 1987, pp. 7-16.
- ↑ Network of the Portuguese Judiarias