Jaén

Jaén (580 m)
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, period 1983-2010

Jaén
Basic data
Autonomous Community :	Andalusia
Province :	Jaén
Comarca :	Metropolitana de Jaén
Coordinates	37 ° 46 ′ N , 3 ° 47 ′ W Coordinates: 37 ° 46 ′ N , 3 ° 47 ′ W
Height :	574 msnm
Area :	424.3 km²
Residents :	112,999 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density :	266.32 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	23001-23009
Municipality number ( INE ):	23050
administration
Official language :	Castilian
Mayor :	José Enrique Fernández de Moya Romero ( PP )
Website :	www.aytojaen.es

Jaén [ xaˈen ] (from Arabic جيان Dschayyan , DMG Ǧayyān ) is the capital of the province of Jaén in the northeast of the Spanish region of Andalusia .

The city has 112,999 inhabitants and is located in the wide valley of the Guadalquivir between the mountains of La Pandera and Jabalcuz, which are covered with olive groves, at an altitude of 574 msnm .

history

During the Roman rule over the Iberian Peninsula , silver was mined in the area around Jaén . After the end of the Caliphate of Cordoba , Jaén became the capital of a small Taifa emirate for a short time in 1145 , when Ibn Yuzai first rose to be the sole ruler and was ousted a few months later by Abu Dja'far Ahmad Zafadola, who in the same year also became sole ruler Cordoba and Granada had taken power. In the same year, however, Jaén was conquered by the Almohads and incorporated into their empire. In 1159 Mohammed ibn Sa'd ibn Mardanīsch , the " Wolf King " ( Rey Lobo ) of Murcia , succeeded in driving the Almohads out of Jaén again and incorporating it into his own domain by 1168. Then it fell for a few months to the Hamuskid Ibrahim, who had also secured Arjona , but had to give way to the Almohads again in the same year 1168. When the Almohad empire broke up, Jaén was first conquered by the Nasrid Muhammad I ibn Nasr (1232-1272) from Arjona, but fell into the hands of the Castilians as early as 1246 during the Christian Reconquista (reconquest) . Jaén thus became a strategically important point in the Reconquista of the Catholic Kings and in 1466 received the title "Very noble, famous and loyal city of Jaén, guardian and defender of the kings of Castile". In 1491, the conquest of Granada began from Jaén.

In 1508 the connection to the city of Baeza was created with the Puente del Obispo over the Guadalquivir .

During the Spanish Civil War , the city remained loyal to the Second Spanish Republic and was therefore bombed by a squadron of the Condor Legion on April 1, 1937. Current estimates assume that 159 residents were killed and several hundred injured in the bombing. The capture of the city by Franco's troops is assumed by the end of March 1939.

The Jaén tram, which was completed in 2011 , never went into regular operation.

Parador in the Castillo de Santa Catalina

economy

Jaén lives from agriculture as well as industry . Jaén has been the seat of a university since 1993. Tourist attractions are the cathedral from the Renaissance (16th or 18th century), the church of San Bartolomé , which was built in the Mudejar style , and San Andrés , a former synagogue , the well-preserved Arab baths and the walled old town with the above the castle Castillo de Santa Catalina , in which a Parador hotel is operated.

Attractions

Museo de Arte Ibérico

Museo Íbero, Museum of Iberian Art

Cathedral from the Renaissance (16th and 18th century)

Mudejar style church of San Bartolomé
San Andrés ; former synagogue
Santa Catalina Castle
Natural reserves of Sierra Magina and the Sierra de Andujar
Renaissance cities of Baeza and Úbeda

Climate table

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Jaén (580 m)

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	12.1	14.0	17.4	19.0	23.2	29.4	33.7	32.9	27.7	21.9	15.7	12.8	O	21.7
Min. Temperature (° C)	5.1	6.6	8.9	10.0	13.3	18.1	21.4	21.0	17.8	13.8	8.9	6.3	O	12.6
Temperature (° C)	8.6	10.3	13.1	14.5	18.2	23.7	27.6	26.9	22.8	17.9	12.3	9.5	O	17.2

Precipitation ( mm )	55	50	44	54	43	18th	2	9	26th	55	62	75	Σ	493

Rainy days ( d )	6.4	6.2	5.0	7.0	5.6	2.0	0.3	0.7	2.6	5.9	6.9	7.6	Σ	56.2

Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, period 1983-2010

sons and daughters of the town

Chasdai ibn Schaprut (approx. 915 – approx. 970), Jewish diplomat in medieval Spain
Ibn Mālik (approx. 1205–1274), Arab scholar
Fernando Torres y Portugal († after 1589), politician who served as Viceroy of Peru from 1585 to 1589
Enrique Escobar (1921–2004), film composer, film editor, pianist and orchestra conductor
Ángel Aranda (1934–2000), actor
Karina (* 1943), pop singer
Cristóbal Montoro (* 1950), politician (Partido Popular) and economist
Manuel Beltrán (* 1971), racing cyclist
Juan Francisco Casas (* 1976), painter
Irene Aranda (* 1980), jazz and improvisation musician
Manuel Ortega Ocaña (* 1981), racing cyclist
José Luis Carrasco (* 1982), racing cyclist
Manuel del Moral (* 1984), football player
Pablo Lechuga (* 1990), racing cyclist
Alberto González (* 1998), track and field athlete