La Carolina
| La Carolina parish | |||
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 La Carolina - Towers of the City Gate
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| coat of arms | Map of Spain | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| Autonomous Community : | Andalusia | ||
| Province : | Jaén | ||
| Comarca : | Sierra Morena | ||
| Coordinates | 38 ° 16 ′ N , 3 ° 37 ′ W | ||
| Height : | 600 msnm | ||
| Area : | 201.37 km² | ||
| Residents : | 15,261 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 75.79 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Founding: | 1767 | ||
| Postal code : | 23200 | ||
| Municipality number ( INE ): | 23024 | ||
| administration | |||
| Website : | La Carolina | ||
La Carolina (named after King Charles III. ) Is a small town and a municipality (municipio) consisting of the capital and several villages and hamlets (aldeas ) with a total of 15,261 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the north of the province of Jaén in the autonomous region of Andalusia . The city is the capital of several villages in the Sierra Morena area that were newly founded at the end of the 18th century and were settled by recruited immigrants from southern Germany, Switzerland and Italy .
location
The place La Carolina is located on the south side of the Sierra Morena on the Autovía A-4 approx. 68 km (driving distance) north of the provincial capital Jaén at an altitude of approx. 600 to 620 m above sea level. d. The climate in winter is temperate, in summer it is warm to hot; the low amounts of precipitation (approx. 485 mm / year) fall - with the exception of the almost rainless summer months - distributed over the whole year.
Population development
| year | 1857 | 1900 | 1950 | 2000 | 2016 |
| Residents | 4,728 | 9,756 | 13,437 | 14,938 | 15,579 |
The continuous increase in population in the 20th century is mainly due to the immigration of people from the rural regions of the surrounding area.
economy
La Carolina is located in the north of the seemingly endless olive tree plantations of the province of Jaén. In the past, cereals, vines, etc. were also planted for self-sufficiency ; Vegetables came from the house gardens. Cattle breeding (sheep, goats, chickens) and forestry (especially the extraction of charcoal ) were also operated. Small traders, craftsmen as well as service and industrial companies of all kinds have settled in the village.
history
Evidence of settlement in the area in Carthaginian and Roman times is lacking; the Visigoths probably also did not penetrate into the formerly wooded area and the presence of the Moors is also not documented. After the end of the Caliphate of Cordoba (1031), the region became part of the Taifa Kingdom of Jaén . In 1212, the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa took place north of La Carolina , one of the greatest battles of the High Middle Ages, to which the colossal monument, inaugurated in 1981 at the western exit of the town, commemorates, near the parish village of Navas de Tolosa, where earlier the battlefield was suspected. In the battle a huge Almohad army was defeated by an alliance of Christian military leaders. The actual battlefield, about ten kilometers from the monument, is no longer in the municipality, but belongs to the neighboring municipality of Santa Elena . Around 1226, the barely populated area was taken over by the Kingdom of Castile in the course of the Reconquista without major resistance from the Moorish lords . Then a small settlement with a Carmelite convent was built in what is now the municipality , in which John of the Cross also lived for a few years. The current place was only in 1767 under Charles III. (r. 1759–1788) and his adviser Pablo de Olavide as one of the Nuevas Poblaciones established at that time as part of the royal campaign to colonize the Sierra Morena.
Attractions
- The townscape surprises with its straight streets and squares.
- The Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción , built in the second half of the 18th century on the site of a small previous building of the Carmelite Order, is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of Mary . The tower was renewed at the beginning of the 20th century. The interior of the church has a single nave; The octagon-shaped crossing area is remarkable .
- To the left of the church is the Palacio Olavide , whose representative facade is characterized by two pairs of double columns and a royal coat of arms in the gable.
literature
- R. Caltofen: La Carolina . Swiss People's Book Community, Lucerne 1951.
- Manuel Capel: La Carolina, capital de las nuevas poblaciones. Un ensayo de reforma socio-económica de España en el siglo 18. Jaén: CSIC, Instituto de Estudios Giennenses . 1970.
- Werner Hacker: Emigration from the Rheinpfalz and Saarland in the 18th century . Theiss, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0487-X .
- Georg Niemeier: The German colonies in southern Spain: Contributions to the cultural geography of the submerged German islands in the Sierra Morena and in Lower Andalusia (= Ibero-American studies . Volume 10 ). Behre, Hamburg 1937.
Web links
- La Carolina - video. youtube.com (spanish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
- ↑ La Carolina - Map with altitude information
- ↑ La Carolina - Climate tables
- ↑ La Carolina - Population Development
- ↑ La Carolina Story
- ↑ La Carolina - History in Key Words
- ↑ Alexandra lattice man: fear of cows, Der Spiegel - Geschichte 2/2017: The Enlightenment, pp. 36–39
- ↑ La Carolina Church and Palacio Olavide