Begíjar
| Begíjar municipality | |||
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 Begíjar - town center with a church and town hall
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| coat of arms | Map of Spain | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| Autonomous Community : |
 Andalusia
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| Province : | Jaén | ||
| Comarca : | La Loma (Jaén) | ||
| Coordinates | 37 ° 59 ′ N , 3 ° 32 ′ W | ||
| Height : | 570 msnm | ||
| Area : | 42.79 km² | ||
| Residents : | 3,029 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 70.79 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Postal code : | 23711 | ||
| Municipality number ( INE ): | 23014 | ||
| administration | |||
| Website : | Begíjar | ||
Begíjar is a town in southern Spain and a municipality ( municipio ) consisting of the main town and several hamlets with a total of 3,029 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the center of the province of Jaén in the autonomous region of Andalusia . The center of the village is recognized as a conjunto histórico-artístico .
location
The place Begíjar is about 45 km (driving distance) northeast of the provincial capital Jaén at an altitude of about 560 to 580 m above sea level. d. The neighboring cities of Baeza and Úbeda , recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites , are only 8 and 25 km to the north-east, respectively. The climate in winter is temperate, while in summer it is warm to hot; the low amounts of precipitation (approx. 485 mm / year) fall - with the exception of the almost rainless summer months - distributed over the whole year.
Population development
| year | 1857 | 1900 | 1950 | 2000 | 2016 |
| Residents | 3,077 | 2,864 | 4,385 | 3.136 | 3,102 |
The significant population decline in the second half of the 20th century is mainly due to the almost exclusive planting of olive trees, the mechanization that goes with it and the resulting loss of jobs.
economy
Begíjar is located in the center of the seemingly endless olive tree plantations of the Jaén province. In the past, cereals, vines, etc. were also planted for self-sufficiency ; Vegetables came from the house gardens. Small traders, craftsmen and service companies of all kinds have settled in the village. There are also several holiday homes (casas rurales) .
history
Small finds from the Neolithic and Bronze Age were discovered in the municipality . The Iberians settled near the Guadalquivir . The remains of the foundations of several country estates ( villae rusticae ) date from Roman times . The Visigoths , however, left hardly any traces. At the beginning of the 8th century the area was overrun by the Moors ; they called the place Buxexat . After the end of the Caliphate of Cordoba (1031), the area became part of the Taifa Kingdom of Jaén. Around the middle of the 12th century, the place was incorporated into the newly formed Almohad Empire, which, after its defeat in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) , faced increasing attacks by its Muslim ( Ibn Hud , Muhammad I ibn Nasr ) and Christian neighbors looked exposed. Already around the year 1226 Begíjar was by the Christians under Ferdinand III. recaptured by Castile ( reconquista ) and incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Jaén , which was, however, closely connected to the Crown of Castile and did not appear politically. The place was administered by the Calatrava Order of Knights , who also renewed the castle (castillo) . The expulsion of the Jews began with the Alhambra Edict (1492) of the Catholic Kings ; in the years around 1610 the last Muslims ( moriscos ) were also expelled. In 1779 Begíjar received city rights.
Attractions
- The old town center with the remains of the former castle (Casco Antiguo de Begíjar) consists of narrow streets with adjoining houses from the 16th to 19th centuries.
- Only a few remains of the wall remain from the former castle (castillo) . The keep (torre del homenaje) with vaulted false ceilings inside , which was probably built in the Visigothic period , but later repeatedly changed, should be emphasized .
- The construction of the Iglesia de Santiago Apóstol probably began as early as the 13th century, but the church did not get its current appearance until the 15th and 16th. Century. Noteworthy is the Renaissance portal on the south side with an equestrian figure of Santiago. The interior, with a single nave but equipped with side chapels , was not completed until the 17th century. Behind the rather austere altarpiece hides a high baroque camarín .
- The former bishop's palace (Palacio Episcopal) now houses a small museum on the city's history.
- Several fountains (fuentes) and cattle troughs (abrevaderos) enrich the townscape.
- Surroundings
- The four-arched Puente del Obispo over the Guadalquivir ( 37 ° 57 ′ 15 ″ N , 3 ° 32 ′ 22 ″ W ), which flows about 2 km south of the village , was built around 1508. The arches each have different widths. In the side bridge tower there is a chapel with an unusual portal wall without columns or capitals.
- Nearby, two early modern aqueducts span the Arroyo de Barranquillo and the Arroyo del Chortal .
Web links
- Begíjar, sights - photos + information (Spanish)
- Begíjar, history and monuments - photos + quick facts (spanish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
- ↑ Begíjar - map with altitude information
- ↑ Begíjar - climate tables
- ↑ Begíjar - Population Development
- ↑ Begíjar - Economy etc.
- ↑ Begíjar - History in Key Words
- ↑ Begíjar - Casco Antiguo
- ↑ Begíjar - Castillo
- ↑ Begíjar - Castillo
- ↑ Begíjar - Iglesia de Santiago Apóstol
- ↑ Begíjar - Iglesia de Santiago Apóstol