Andújar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Andújar municipality
Andújar - Town Hall
Andújar - Town Hall
coat of arms Map of Spain
Andújar coat of arms
Andújar (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : AndalusiaAndalusia Andalusia
Province : Jaén
Comarca : Campiña de Jaén
Coordinates 38 ° 2 ′  N , 4 ° 3 ′  W Coordinates: 38 ° 2 ′  N , 4 ° 3 ′  W
Height : 215  msnm
Area : 964.9 km²
Residents : 36,793 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density : 38.13 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 23740
Municipality number  ( INE ): 23005
administration
Website : Andújar

Andújar is a southern Spanish city ​​and a municipality ( municipio ) consisting of the main town and several hamlets with a total of 36,793 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the northwest of the province of Jaén in the autonomous region of Andalusia .

Location and climate

The place Andújar is located on the north bank of the Guadalquivir almost 54 km (driving distance) northwest of the provincial capital Jaén at an altitude of approx. 200 to 220  m . The climate in winter is temperate, while in summer it is warm to hot; the small amounts of precipitation (approx. 490 mm / year) fall - with the exception of the almost rainless summer months - distributed over the whole year.

Population development

year 1857 1900 1950 2000 2018
Residents 14.094 16.302 28,499 37,621 37.113

The continuous increase in population is mainly due to the ongoing immigration (rural exodus) from the surrounding rural areas.

economy

Andújar is located in the northwest of the seemingly endless olive tree plantations of the Jaén province. In the past, cereals, vines, etc. were also planted for self-sufficiency ; Vegetables came from the house gardens. Small traders, craftsmen and service companies of all kinds have settled in the village. There are also a number of holiday homes (casas rurales) ; several potteries and a thermal power station are also of economic importance.

history

Both prehistoric rock paintings and Bronze Age rock tombs have been discovered in the municipality . The history of the city goes back to the perhaps still Iberian Illiturgum , which in the 1st century BC. Was conquered by the Scipions ; from the Roman period still shows a fünfzehnbögige bridge over the Guadalquivir . At the beginning of the 8th century the area was overrun by the Moors ; they called the place Anduyar . In 888 the construction of a city wall was ordered. After the end of the Caliphate of Cordoba (1031), the area became part of the Taifa Kingdom of Jaén. Around the middle of the 12th century, the place was incorporated into the newly formed Almohad Empire, which, after its defeat in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) , faced increasing attacks by its Muslim ( Ibn Hud , Muhammad I ibn Nasr ) and Christian neighbors looked exposed. Already in 1225 Andújar was under Ferdinand III. Recaptured by Castile from the hands of the Moors ( reconquista ) and incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Jaén , which, however, was closely connected to the Crown of Castile and did not appear politically. The place was administered by the Calatrava Order of Knights , who also renewed the castle (castillo) . The Alhambra Edict (1492) of the Catholic Kings sealed the expulsion of the Sephardic Jews ; in the years around 1610 the last Muslims ( moriscos ) were also expelled.

During the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula , Andújar was captured by French troops in 1808. General Pierre Dupont de l'Étang set up his headquarters here after the capture of Cordoba , sent troops to Bailén and lost the battle there . During the first cantonal rebellion in 1873, Andújar became a federal canton.

During the Spanish Civil War, Republican forces besieged the Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza Lady Chapel for nine months from September 1936 , where nationalists had holed up. On May 1, 1937, the nationalists were defeated, which resulted in massacres in Andújar.

Attractions

Post office building (corréos)
  • The late Gothic Iglesia de San Miguel is dedicated to the Archangel Michael . The bell tower (campanario) with the Plateresque west portal was not built until the 16th century; however, it had to be partially renewed after damage during the Lisbon earthquake (1755). The interior of the church has three naves and is covered with rib vaults. The back of the apse is occupied by a three-part altarpiece . In the following centuries the sacristy and several side chapels were added.
  • The Iglesia de Santa María was built around the same time, but its interior was redesigned at the beginning of the 17th century. The church's greatest treasure is a painting by El Greco on the theme of the story of the Mount of Olives .
  • Not far from the church there is a clock tower (Torre de Reloj) in Mudejar style from around 1520. A stone coat of arms shows the royal coat of arms of Charles V (r. 1516–1556) with the Order of the Golden Fleece attached ; the clock is a 19th century movement.
  • The late Gothic south portal of the Parroquia San Bartolomé, dominated by a keel arch , dates from around 1500; however, the interior of the church was later modernized to reflect the taste of the time.
  • The Palacio de los Niños de Don Gome , also built in the Mudéjar style around 1600, impresses with its natural stone facade with external balconies, coats of arms, eagles and guard figures. Its interior now houses the city's Museo Arqueológico .
  • The imposing town hall (ayuntamiento) was built as a comedy theater between 1620 and 1631; however, the theater was stopped in 1680.
  • Numerous convents (Las Capuchinas, Compañía de Jesús) and noble palaces, including the (Casa de la Torre and Casa de los Sirvente de Mieres) enrich the image of the city.
Basilica de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza
Surroundings
  • About 1 km southwest of the village, a 14-arched and a total of 338 m long bridge crosses the Guadalquivir . Its origin is mostly still attributed to the Romans, but its current image corresponds more to the period of the 16th and 17th centuries. and 19th century.
  • Almost 40 km north of Andújar is the Basilica de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza , whose veneration can be traced back to the 13th century. The present church dates from the 16th century. A pilgrimage ( romería ) takes place here at the end of April each year .
  • Nearby is the Sierra de Andújar Natural Park .

Personalities

Town twinning

Web links

Commons : Andújar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. Andújar - climate tables
  3. ^ Andújar - population development
  4. ^ Andújar - Economy etc.
  5. Andujar History
  6. Andujar - History in Key Words
  7. ^ Andújar - Iglesia de San Miguel
  8. Andújar - Iglesia de Santa María
  9. Andújar - Torre de Reloj
  10. ^ Andújar - Parroquia San Bartolomé
  11. Andújar - Palacio de los Niños de Don Gome
  12. ^ Andújar - Museo Arqueologico
  13. Andújar - Town Hall
  14. Andújar - Puente