Ibn Hud

Ibn Hud († 1238 in Almería ) was a Muslim prince in Andalusia (1228-1237). It is sometimes said that he was born in the Valle de Ricote, northwest of Murcia .

history

Ascent

Muhammad ibn Hud derived his ancestry from the Hudids from Saragossa . After the Almohads were badly defeated in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212), the Christians resumed attacks against al-Andalus in 1225 . This led to a strong dissatisfaction of the affected population with the Almohads, who were no longer able to protect the country.

From the year 1227 uprisings broke out all over al-Andalus, with Ibn Hud as governor of Murcia soon taking the lead. He rose under the name of al-Mutawakkil to ruler of Andalusia (1228-1237). By 1229 Ibn Hud subjugated almost all of Andalusia due to the broad support of the population and ended the rule of the Almohads. Only in Valencia could a descendant of Ibn Mardanīsch establish himself with Zayyan ibn Mardanisch .

Decline

Due to the expansion of the Christian kingdoms, Ibn Hud did not succeed in consolidating his rule. His troops were defeated by Castile near Jerez de la Frontera as early as 1231 . Shortly afterwards he was subject to the troops of the Kingdom of León at Mérida . In 1233 Ibn Hud had to submit to Castile and pay tributes .

At the end of his reign, Muhammad I ibn Nasr proclaimed himself sultan in Arjona in 1232 and founded the Nasrid dynasty. Although he had to submit to Ibn Hud in 1234, the internal Muslim conflicts intensified. So in June 1236 Ibn Hud could not prevent the conquest of Córdoba by Castile. In 1238 he was murdered near Almería , which led to the rapid collapse of his empire.

Succession

His sons were able to hold rulers in Seville and Murcia until 1248 and 1266, respectively, before the cities were finally conquered by Castile.

literature

• Ulrich Haarmann: History of the Arab World . Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 .
• Arnold Hottinger : The Moors. Arabic culture in Spain . Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7705-3075-6 .