Alcaudete
| Alcaudete municipality | |||
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.JPG) Alcaudete - Castle (castillo)
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| coat of arms | Map of Spain | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| Autonomous Community : |
 Andalusia
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| Province : | Jaén | ||
| Comarca : | Sierra Sur | ||
| Coordinates | 37 ° 35 ′ N , 4 ° 5 ′ W | ||
| Height : | 670 msnm | ||
| Area : | 236.81 km² | ||
| Residents : | 10,498 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 44.33 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Postal code : | 23660 | ||
| Municipality number ( INE ): | 23003 | ||
| administration | |||
| Website : | Alcaudete | ||
Alcaudete is a small town in southern Spain and a municipality ( municipio ) consisting of the main town and several hamlets with a total of 10,498 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) in the center of the province of Jaén in the autonomous region of Andalusia .
location
The place Alcaudete is a good 46 km (driving distance) southwest of the provincial capital Jaén at an altitude of almost 660 to 680 m above sea level. d. The climate in winter is temperate, in summer it is warm to hot; the low amounts of precipitation (approx. 575 mm / year) fall - with the exception of the almost rainless summer months - distributed over the whole year.
Population development
| year | 1857 | 1900 | 1950 | 2000 | 2016 |
| Residents | 7,569 | 9,907 | 18,748 | 11,367 | 10,698 |
The significant population decline in the second half of the 20th century is mainly due to the almost exclusive planting of olive trees, the mechanization that goes with it and the resulting loss of jobs.
economy
Alcaudete is located in the middle of the endless olive tree plantations of the province of Jaén. In the past, cereals, vines, etc. were also planted for self-sufficiency ; Vegetables came from the house gardens. Small traders, craftsmen and service companies of all kinds have settled in the village. There are also several holiday homes (casas rurales) .
history
Small prehistoric finds were made in the municipality; from the 3rd to the 1st century BC There were several Iberian settlements. The Romans built several country estates ( villae rusticae ) and left behind an early Christian sarcophagus , the fragments of which can be seen today in the Archaeological Museum in Madrid . At the beginning of the 8th century, the area was overrun by the Moors , who called the place or its later built fortress Hisn al-Qabdaq or Hisn al-Qibdaq (= "fortress of the springs"). After the end of the Caliphate of Cordoba (1031), the city was surrounded with a wall at the foot of the castle; it was part of the Taifa Kingdom of Jaén. At the end of the 12th century, Alcaudete fell to the Almohad Empire , which, after its defeat in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) , was exposed to increasing attacks from its Muslim ( Ibn Hud , Muhammad I ibn Nasr ) and Christian neighbors. About the same time with Jaén (1246) Arjona was from the Christians under Ferdinand III. recaptured by Castile ( reconquista ) and incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Jaén , which was, however, closely connected to the Crown of Castile and did not appear politically. The city was administered by the Calatrava order of knights . For a long time Alcaudete was a border town to the Emirate of Granada , which in 1408 undertook a large-scale siege and an ultimately unsuccessful attempt at conquest. The expulsion of the Jews began with the Alhambra Edict (1492) of the Catholic Kings ; in the years around 1610 the last Muslims ( moriscos ) were also expelled. The place experienced its heyday in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Attractions
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- Only small traces of the fortress (hisn) that existed in Islamic times have survived . After the reconquest (reconquista) , the knights of the Calatrava order rebuilt the complex for their own purposes. You can see the keep (torre del homenaje) , the dining and meeting room (sala capitular) , a guard building (cuerpo de guardia) , the horse stables (caballerizas) and two cisterns (aljibes) .
- Halfway up the hill, a wall once surrounded the Moorish settlement at the foot of the castle.
- The city was surrounded by numerous watchtowers ( atalayas ) . It is unclear whether they are of Moorish or Christian origin.
- The three-aisled Iglesia de Santa María la Mayor dates from the 16th century. The multi-storey bell tower - added later - and the two portals are remarkable ; Above all, the south portal, which is based on the Isabelline style , shows great décor and numerous individual motifs. The central nave is covered by a stucco vault; the two aisles only have open pent roofs . The apse is spanned by a slightly vaulted coffered ceiling.
- The Iglesia de San Pedro was also built around the middle of the 16th century, but it dispenses with both a tower and magnificent portals. Decorative elements are also missing in the three-aisled interior ( hall church ), which is equally high .
- The Convento e Iglesia de Santa Clara belonged to the Order of the Poor Clares ; it was created in the 16./17. Century. The entrance portal with its two lateral Solomonic columns is an ingredient of the 18th century in the style of Churriguerism .
- The Church of the Carmelites (Iglesia de la Encarnación o del Carmen) was built in the 16th and 17th centuries. Century. The single-nave church is accompanied by stabilizing side chapels. Her style is straightforward baroque .
- The Antiguo hospital de la Misericordia , built in the 18th century, is rather unadorned.
- The town hall (Casa Consistorial) was built in the 18th century.
- Several noble palaces (Casas palaciegas) with their coats of arms etc. adorn the streets of the city.
- The Fuente de la Villa served both as a water supply for the people and as a cattle trough (abrevadero) .
- Surroundings
- About 2 km north of the village, a single-arched medieval stone bridge crosses the Río Víboras .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
- ↑ Alcaudete - Map with altitude information
- ↑ Alcaudete - Climate tables
- ↑ Alcaudete - Population Development
- ↑ Alcaudete - Economy etc.
- ↑ Alcaudete - History in Key Words
- ↑ Alcaudete - Historical development of the castle
- ↑ Alcaudete - Castle
- ↑ Alcaudete - settlement wall
- ↑ Alcaudete - Watchtowers
- ↑ Alcaudete - Iglesia de Santa María la Mayor
- ↑ Alcaudete - Iglesia de San Pedro
- ↑ Alcaudete - Convento e Iglesia de Santa Clara
- ↑ Alcaudete - Iglesia de la Encarnación o del Carmen
- ↑ Alcaudete - Antiguo hospital de la Misericordia
- ↑ Alcaudete - Casa Consistorial
- ↑ Alcaudete - noble palaces
- ↑ Alcaudete - Fountain
- ↑ Alcaudete - Bridge