Hornos (Jaén)

Hornos municipality
	Hornos - town view
Basic data
Autonomous Community :	Andalusia
Province :	Jaén
Comarca :	Sierra de Segura
Coordinates	38 ° 13 ′ N , 2 ° 43 ′ W Coordinates: 38 ° 13 ′ N , 2 ° 43 ′ W
Height :	860 msnm
Area :	117.58 km²
Residents :	601 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density :	5.11 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	23292
Municipality number ( INE ):	23043
administration
Website :	Hornos

Hornos (sometimes Hornos de Segura is called) a southern Spanish city and one from the main village and several hamlets (aldeas) existing and farmsteads municipality ( municipio ) with a total of 601 inhabitants (as of January 1 2019) in the southern province of Jaén in the autonomous region of Andalusia . The place is recognized as a conjunto histórico-artístico .

location

The place Hornos is in the Sierra de Segura a good 136 km (driving distance) northeast of the provincial capital Jaén or about 220 km northeast of Granada at an altitude of about 840 to 880 m above sea level. d. The climate in winter is temperate, in summer it is warm to hot; the low amounts of precipitation (approx. 410 mm / year) fall - with the exception of the almost rainless summer months - distributed over the whole year.

Population development

year	1857	1900	1950	2000	2016
Residents	1,347	1,745	2,993	718	649

The significant population decline in the second half of the 20th century is essentially due to the mechanization of agriculture and the associated loss of jobs.

economy

Hornos lies in the east of the seemingly endless olive tree plantations of the Jaén province; in addition, the large forests in the region are also used for forestry purposes. In the past, cereals, vines, etc. were also planted for self-sufficiency ; Vegetables came from the house gardens. Small traders, craftsmen and service companies of all kinds have settled in the village. There are also several holiday homes (casas rurales) .

history

Stone and Bronze Age finds were discovered in the municipality . Ore mining was already practiced in the region before and during Roman times ; Numerous small finds date from Roman times. At the beginning of the 8th century the area was overrun by the Moors ; they called the place Fornus . After the end of the Caliphate of Cordoba (1031), the remote area became part of the Taifa Kingdom of Jaén. Around the middle of the 12th century, the place was incorporated into the newly formed Almohad Empire, which, after its defeat in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) , faced increasing attacks by its Muslim ( Ibn Hud , Muhammad I ibn Nasr ) and Christian neighbors looked exposed. In 1239, Hornos was recaptured by the Christians ( reconquista ) and given to the Order of Santiago . With the Alhambra Edict (1492) of the Catholic Kings began the expulsion of the Sephardic Jews ; in the years around 1610 the last Muslims ( moriscos ) were also expelled.

Attractions

Castillo

kiln

A fortress (hisn) probably already existed in Moorish times; Today's castle ruins with their keep (torre del homenaje) rounded at the corners should, however, essentially be assigned to the Christian Middle Ages. There is a cistern (aljibe) in their courtyard area . Today there is an astronomical research and information center (Cosmolarium) in the old walls .

The entire place was surrounded by a partially preserved city wall (muralla) .

The Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and is located on a ledge on the outskirts. The current building was built between 1523 and 1550; the south portal shows Plateresque styles. Side chapels were later added to the ribbed nave . The church's greatest treasure was a so-called Alhambra vase , which is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Madrid .

The angled design of the Puerta de la Villa , which is largely made of roughly hewn stone blocks, is strongly reminiscent of Almohad gate structures .

Surroundings

The wooded surroundings of the mountain village are ideal for hiking. You come across several old kilns that were still in operation into the 19th or early 20th century.

Web links

Commons : Hornos - collection of images, videos and audio files

Hornos, sights - photos + information (Spanish)

Individual evidence

[1] Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).

[2] Hornos - map with altitude information

[3] Hornos - climate tables

[4] Hornos - population development

[5] Hornos - Economy etc.

[6] Hornos - story

[7] Hornos - History in Key Words

[8] Hornos - Castle

[9] Hornos - city wall

[10] Hornos - Church

[11] Hornos - city gate