Judengasse (Salzburg)
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The Judengasse in the old town of Salzburg stretches from Waagplatz to Getreidegasse . The majority of Salzburg's Jews lived there in the Middle Ages until the second expulsion of the Jews in 1404. The synagogue (called Judenschule ) may have been located in Judengasse 15 . After the last expulsion of the Jews (1498) in 1520, a relief plaque was attached to the city's oldest town hall on Waagplatz, showing a mother pig suckling Jewish children. The table was popularly called Judensau . It was removed again in 1785 by order of Archbishop Hieronymus von Colloredo .
The individual houses often had proper names in historical times:
- House No. 1 Tavern zum Türkenkopf, Moserbräuhaus, Egggerbräuhaus, Köllerer's house
- House No. 3 Guglbräu, house by the little door
- House No. 5 Fürskalberhaus
- House No. 8 Unteres Gruberhaus, Wagnerhaus ( Franz Schubert stayed here in 1825 as a guest of the merchant Bauernfeind.)
- House No. 9 Sylbergerhaus (1423)
- House No. 10 Billichhaus
- House number 12 on the Porten
- House No. 13 Schwabengruebersche dwelling with mill (1672–1684 home of the composer Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber , previously also: Ulrich des Mosär's house)
- House no.15 Laubingerhaus (Lawbingerhaus, 1423), later from 1656 Höllbräu
The Höllbräu (originally Laubingerhaus, today Hotel Radisson Altstadt)
In the basement of the building, parts of an outer gate tower ( porta ) of the old Hohenstaufen Palatinate , which Friedrich Barbarossa had built before 1270, are hidden . This Palatinate had a central palace , a keep and was surrounded by a strong outer defensive wall, from which a few fortified gates led into the surrounding area. The Palatinate and the associated defensive wall ring were destroyed again by Konrad IV von Fohnsdorf in 1291 after the citizens of the city, supported by Otto's army of Lower Bavaria, revolted against the archbishop and holed up here. A remnant of an outer gate system of this Palatinate of the Staufer King has been preserved in the cellar of the Höllbräu.
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The first small building, located on a “lane on the Salzach”, was initially free on all sides. In the 14th century, the space between the western house was built first. The Höllbräu was first mentioned in a document in 1423 and at that time belonged to a Hans Laubinger. In 1449 the building was first mentioned as the “prewhaus”, a brewery owned by Michael Laubinger. In addition to the Guglbräu, it was the second brewery in the alley. Named after the Laubinger family, the Höllbräu was known as the Laubingerhaus for a long time. The city walls on the side of the Salzach were gradually moved towards the Salzach through renovation and reinforcements over the centuries, which gradually resulted in the Höllbräu receiving new additions and additions, which led to an overall structure that was heavily nested and initially confusing.
In the 18th century, the Höllbräu was a typical Salzburg brewery inn, which continued to brew the beer it served itself. The brewhouse, the malt tennis and the stables were a bit apart. (The waiter always slept - as very often back then - in a bed in the corner of the dining room.) Around 1900, the Höllbräubier was also served in various other restaurants. The hard time of war then made independent beer brewing impossible for many small taverns, and large breweries were increasingly able to transport bottled beer cheaply by train. In 1922 the brewery was closed.
Today's facade on the ground floor was built around 1927 according to a plan drawn up by Franz Zell in 1910. At that time, the statue of St. Michael came to its current location, a figure that can be recognized by a flame sword and soul scales. The angel's gaze goes down to Judengasse and, as it were, protects the alley. The figure itself dates from the early 17th century. Also noteworthy on the first floor of the building is a hall with a neatly painted wooden beam ceiling from the end of the 16th century. In the cellar area of the house flows an arm of the Almkanales (Höllbräuarm), which was used as a mill for the brewery needs. Also noteworthy are two medieval cisterns in the cellar of the house and various remains of old city walls in the structure.
The medieval neighboring house (Döllerergässchen 8, Döllerhaus, formerly Ochenpueglerhaus) and the directly adjoining Höllbräu have been under one owner since 1907. Since about 1992 the house has been run as an upscale hotel and has the new name Radisson Altstadt.
The Judengasse today
The Judengasse is a well-known shopping street next to the Getreidegasse. There are many shops here in old medieval vaults. There are also some night clubs and Irish pubs on the side facing the Salzach . The Rudolfskai on the Salzach can be reached via these bars. There are also the Hotel zum Mohren, the Goldene Ente and other well-known old town hotels.
Web links
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- FW Zillner: History of the City of Salzburg. Special volumes of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, Salzburg 1885
- Erich Marx et al .: The "Höllbräu" in Salzburg. On the history of a brewery inn. Series of publications of the Archives of the City of Salzburg No. 4, Salzburg 1992, ISBN 3-901014-21-7
Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '59 " N , 13 ° 2' 46" E