Irish pub
An Irish pub is a pub as it was originally in Ireland , but is now to be found in many parts of the world as a gastronomic concept based on it. As with pubs in the UK , the term public house is derived from it. Typical is the serving of Irish beers such as stout (e.g. Guinness , Murphy's) and reddish ale (e.g. Kilkenny ) as well as cider called cider. Some Irish pubs also offer typical Irish dishes and snacks such as chips .
history
The term “pub” was used in Ireland from the early 17th century. It is of Victorian origin. In the English-ruled Ireland, the terms "tavern" and "alehouse" were common. In 1635 there were 1,180 public houses in Dublin alone, where around 4,000 families lived at that time, most of which sold home-brewed beer. While in England there were legal regulations for the serving of alcoholic beverages as early as 1603 and 1619, the first law regulating the number and quality of public houses in Ireland was not implemented until 1635 - without great success, because the number of establishments in Dublin was already in the middle of the century increased to over 1,500.
From the middle of the 17th century, pubs hardly sold any home-brewed beer, but instead obtained their drinks from the growing number of commercial breweries. In Dublin, around James Street, which is still the seat of the Guinness Brewery, a center of the brewing industry developed with the seat of the Dublin Brewers' Guild, which St. James chose to be its patron saint.
English restrictions on the opening times of pubs, such as the Lord's Day Act of 1618, did not apply in Ireland until decades later, so that the regulations for their operation remained lower than in England. In the 17th and 18th centuries, concise pub names, often with animal and place names, were used in many places, which could also be represented visually on signs. The signs should make it easier for illiterate people to identify the place. This practice had been compulsory in England since the 14th century, but this law was only implemented with a delay in Ireland. From the 19th century, however, the practice of naming pubs after the name of their owner or the license holder established itself, which is still common today.
Up until the 20th century, a distinction between pubs and retail stores for food and household items was unusual , especially in rural areas . The Irish Pubs of Character travel guide stated in 1969 that in the village one could get the impression that drinks were served in every shop. Some landlords also bought agricultural products and traded them into the cities. With the rise of supermarkets and retail chains, this function of pubs decreased significantly. In small villages you can sometimes still find petrol pumps in front of pubs that are operated from there. The famous Dick Mack's pub in Dingle ( Kerry ) is still a shoemaker 's workshop to this day.
Lounge bar and public bar
With the decline in pub retail, many pubs have been expanded to include lounge bars , larger and sometimes separate rooms with comfortable seating, more space, window areas and a more comfortable atmosphere. The comfort had to be bought at higher prices for drinks in the lounge. Before the 1960s, pubs were a purely male affair, but with the advent of lounges, women are also using the pubs who, like children, previously had to wait outside for their husbands. Conversely, access to lounges, for example, was denied to men in work clothes, otherwise they could have contaminated the furnishings and were restricted to the public bar. With this development, the pubs have also become cleaner and more upscale in terms of furnishings and atmosphere, so that the separation between lounge and public bar has lost its importance today. The Equal Status Act of 2000 prohibited all sexual discrimination in access to public facilities. The terms lounge bar and public bar can still be found on pub facades.
Irish pubs culture
Irish pub culture includes music and communication. In Ireland the pub is not only a central meeting place for talking and making music. They are also important places of socialization, i.e. very essential components of social life, even across generations. In addition, a number of different dishes are usually offered (“pub food”).
In many pubs, also outside of Ireland, there is typically live music with musicians of different styles ( Irish and Scottish folk , occasionally also rock , reggae, etc.) as well as evenings with an open stage ("open stage"), when guests bring their instruments and make music together and can sing. Also karaoke and quiz has arrived in Irish pubs.
With the emigration from Ireland (e.g. during the great potato blight 1845-1848) the Irish culture spread and with it the Irish pubs. Irish public holidays ( St. Patrick's Day , Halloween ) are celebrated in Irish pubs around the world.
Irish Traditional Music Session
Since the 1950s, the trad session has become so widespread in Irish pubs that it has become a dominant form of Irish music. The pub session or trad session is a gathering of musicians (mostly amateurs) who play traditional Irish music together. The process follows its own rules. Several instrumental pieces, tunes , are combined into a set . A musician starts a set and controls the rest of the process, such as the sequence of tunes . Communication often only takes place through eye contact or small gestures (head movement). The session can seem like a random event to an outsider.
Well-known Irish pubs
- O'Donoghue's Pub in Dublin with links to many well known Irish musicians
- Sean's Bar in Athlone from 900 is the oldest bar in Ireland and also in all of Europe
literature
- Margaret Scanlan: Culture and Customs of Ireland. Greenwood Publishing Group 2006, ISBN 0313331626 , pp. 99-101 ( excerpt in Google book search)
- Cian Molloy: The story of the Irish pub: An intoxicating history of the licensed trade in Ireland. Liffey Press, 2002, ISBN 1904148131 .
- James Fennell, Turtle Bunbury: The Irish Pub. Thames & Hudson 2008, ISBN 9780500514283 .
- Bill Barich: A Pint of Plain: Tradition, Change and the Fate of the Irish Pub. Bloomsbury Publishing 2009, ISBN 9781408801413 .
- Ashlee D. Russeau-Pletcher, David T. Pletcher: Whiskey in the Jar: Traditional Irish Pubs and Music (PDF; 111 kB). Perspectives, Volume 11, Fall 2008
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Cian Molloy: The History Of The Irish Pub . liffey press, Dublin 2002, ISBN 1-904148-13-1 , pp. 28-29 .
- ^ Molloy, p. 30
- ^ Molloy, p. 35
- ↑ quoted from Molloy, p. 78
- ↑ Malloy, p. 78o
- ^ Amy O'Connor: 'He's working on the leather and I'm pouring beer': The story of Dick Mack's in Dingle. Accessed August 11, 2019 .
- ↑ Molloy, pp. 80ff
- ^ A b Fintan Vallely (editor): Companion to Irish Traditional Music Second Edition, Cork University Press, ISBN 978-1-85918-450-9 , pp. 610f
- ↑ a b Gearóid Ó hAllmhuráin : Pocket Guide to Irish Traditional Music , Third Edition 2008, O'Brien Press Ltd., ISBN 978-0-86278-820-9 , pp. 188f