Getreidegasse (Salzburg)
The Salzburger Getreidegasse (with Hagenauerplatz and Badergäßchen ) is located in the old town and is probably Salzburg's most famous historical street. Among other things, it houses the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . The tall, narrow rows of houses with numerous wrought-iron guild signs above the old shops, together with the multifaceted through houses and courtyards, convey a self-contained image of a medieval-style street.
Getreidegasse has long been a lively shopping street and is part of today's pedestrian zone. It runs in a north-west-south-east direction parallel to the Salzach and leads from Karajanplatz and Gstättengasse in the north-west to Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse and to Kranzlmarkt and Rathausplatz in the south-east. The Judengasse forms the extension of Getreidegasse .
history
The Getreidegasse was already part of an important traffic route in Roman times ; it formed the main artery through the city in the direction of today's Bavaria . The street was first mentioned in 1150 as Trabgasse and Traugasse. The name is probably related to the local expression trabig (= fast, busy), which goes back to trotting .
From the oldest merchants' settlement on Waagplatz , the row of houses on Judengasse grew to the west over Kranzlmarkt and Rathausplatz to Getreidegasse downstream. During its development, the expansion was limited by property boundaries in the south and west and by the city wall and the Salzach in the north. The old houses of the alley are often decorated with dates, the eye of God or the names of previous residents. On some houses you can still see beams on which hoists used to be attached to lift loads to and from the storage rooms.
In the 14th century, Salzburg received stacking rights and since 1509 the merchants who were passing through had mainly been selling iron goods in the Niederleghaus in Getreidegasse. Many other large trading houses followed. City councilors, archbishop officials, judges and minters lived here. Together with Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse, Getreidegasse became the first social address for citizens and an economic center for upscale craftsmen, breweries and restaurants, surgeons and pharmacists.
The cleaning of the area around the Getreidegasse was a specialty. Every Saturday and on the eve of public holidays it was flooded by the dammed Alm Canal and the rubbish, supported by maids, was washed into the Salzach. The through houses from Universitätsplatz to Getreidegasse and the culverts from the alley to “Gries” and the Salzach were of great importance.
The pass-throughs
Characteristic of the Getreidegasse are its through houses , i.e. the houses with a public passage. Some of these already existed in the time of the archbishopric. Until the middle of the 16th century, the unspoilt area of the "Frongarten" lay between the houses on Getreidegasse and Mönchsberg . When this was gradually built, it was necessary to create cross connections to Getreidegasse, and therefore the private houses were released for passage.
They often offer delightful insights into the historic courtyards of old house entrances, including the old vaults there. The through-houses often became shopping malls and, as it were, covered galleries. Columns, vaults, capitals , profiled cornices, reliefs, marble parapets, engraved house brands and lettering, coats of arms, arcades, steep and narrow stairs and flower decorations in the arcades create an unmistakable atmosphere. The Getreidegasse, which is often connected to its neighboring alleys and squares, has a decisive influence on the urban characteristics of Salzburg.
Through houses to the northeast (to Griesgasse and Salzach):
- Getreidegasse 14
- Getreidegasse 22
- Getreidegasse 24
- Getreidegasse 34 and 36 (to the Sternbräu garden)
Through houses towards the southwest (to Universitätsplatz and the Kollegienkirche):
- Getreidegasse 3 - "Treasure House" with branching off passage to Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse 6
- Getreidegasse 7 - "Roittner-Durchhaus"
- Getreidegasse 13
- Getreidegasse 15
- Getreidegasse 21
- Getreidegasse 23 - "Stadtkochhaus"
- Getreidegasse 25 - "Aula-Durchhaus"
- Getreidegasse 29
- Getreidegasse 31 - "Ennsmann-Durchhaus"
- Getreidegasse 33 - "Stockhamer Durchhaus"
Well-known houses
Treasure house with treasure through house
(Getreidegasse 3, formerly Faktor-Mayr-Haus)
During construction work in 1994, the remains of a Romanesque tower from the 11th century were found in the area of the treasure house, which formed the cornerstone of the St. Petrian Wall, which protected Salzburg from the Frongarten or women's garden. This house is named after the wood turner Josef Schatz, who bought the house in 1836. The original narrow single houses there were united to one house around 1500, the floor plan therefore shows an irregular structure. The large courtyard of the house is broken up on all four sides by arcades supported by pillars. On the narrow side of the courtyard there is a wall painting from around 1750 depicting Saint Anthony . Between the large and the small courtyard of the house there is a restored house chapel dedicated to the Good Shepherd above its own archway . The Schatz café-pastry shop, founded by a close relative of the master turner Schatz, still exists today. From the Schatz turnery, the Schatz toy shop developed, which was run by the Schatz family until 1971, then was leased for a few years and no longer exists today.
A dried up shark and a whale rib can still be found in the barrel-shaped passage, which point to the Levant trade of the Mayr family, who were active as trading factors, wholesalers and seafarers. This decoration was already used under Max Reinhardt as a show piece in Faust's room during a production at the Salzburg Festival .
A banner with stucco ornaments is located above the segment arched gate on the Getreidegasse side, crowned by the gilded representation of God's eye and underneath the slogan: “God's eye, protect this house and what goes in and out”. In the courtyard there is a plaque in memory of the German socialist leader August Bebel , who worked as a turner's assistant here in the turnery from 1859 to 1860. This memorial plaque was removed in September 1936 and was first put back in 1948 at the instigation of the cultural politician Josef Kaut . The following text can be found in the hallway: “This house is one of the oldest houses in Salzburg, formerly called 'Faktor Mayr Haus', already mentioned in a document in 1363. Its residents were important merchants, such as Peter der Alt Chewczel (Keuzel), Hanns Ritzinger, Hans Rauchperger, Stefan Hueber, Michael Mayr. They cultivated worldwide trade relations, in particular the exchange of goods between the German and Italian countries ”.
Pharmacy for the Golden Beaver
(Getreidegasse 4)
The house on the salt axis was built from two houses with an alley in between. It was probably only built around 1600 in the current structure. It remains unclear where the even older “Appoteggerhaus so an der Linden bey dem Gries” stood, which was torn down in 1608, when the pharmacy moved here. At that time Josef Wiser was the owner, who married the court pharmacy widow from the famous family of the Fröschlmoser. Since 1608 until today, the house has permanently housed this pharmacy. The beaver played a special role in the medieval and early modern healing arts because of the supposed healing power of body organs, especially the beaver horn, which is why the name beaver pharmacy was very common in Europe. In 1784 it was called "Landschaftsapotheke" or "Stadt-Apotheke", since 1874 it has been called "Zum Goldenen Biber". On the shop signs there are depictions of Aesculapia and Hygieia , the mythological figures of the apothecaries and at the same time those Roman gods to whom the temple in Kaigasse was dedicated. Until 1764, the pharmacy was the only pharmacy in the country alongside the prince-archbishop's court pharmacy and the pharmacy in Radstadt .
Zezihaus
(Getreidegasse 5) The building, recently also known as Schöpshaus , is an old bourgeois business and drugstore with a history dating back to around 1200. Around 1400 it was bought by the cathedral abbey. It then changed hands several times, and only later belonged to a single owner. In addition to the shop, there was also a "Kellersitz" (a restaurant) until the 17th century. The house became famous in the 18th century through the Jos. Ant. Zezi, whose last owner of the house was the Julius Haagn family . Today the upper floors are connected to house number 7, which until recently housed the Miracle Wax Museum. There is currently a ticket office and a branch of the Bonita company on the ground floor .
Reifenstulsches house with Roittnerpassage
(Getreidegasse 7)
The house was built in the early 15th century, the oldest known owner of this house was the mayor at the time, Peter Holiday (1408–1434). The Roittner iron wholesaler, which later moved to the building opposite, was located in this building after 1892 (enlarged after 1905). The particularly pretty inner courtyard has arched arcades on the south and east side and on the lower floors on the west side. The partly stone window frames are remarkable.
The Thalhammer company later moved into this house and completely gutted the part on the Getreidegasse side, whereby many medieval building elements were lost. The justifiably harsh criticism of this approach, which after 1974 was largely carried by the Salzburg citizens' list, was one of the main reasons for today's strict old town protection regulations in Salzburg. This then resulted in the Salzburg Old Town Conservation Act .
Roittnerhaus
(Getreidegasse 8 - Hagenauerplatz)
This corner house facing Hagenauerplatz was first mentioned in 1334, but the original structure of the house is definitely much older. The house is a dominant corner house, which was expanded to its present size with the relocation of the city wall towards the Salzach in the years 1465–1480. Its former fortress-like appearance is still partially visible today. It is one of the stately town houses of the late Middle Ages. The bay window on Hagenauerplatz that extends to the third floor is particularly striking. In 1681, the "Griespader" (the lifeguard of the Griesbad on the Griesgasse side) lived here, Wolf Aichamber. From 1816–1917 the inn and hotel zur Goldenen Krone was here. From 1917 (until 1999) the tableware and kitchenware company Roittner can be found here.
The Löchlwirt on Hagenauerplatz
(Hagenauerplatz 2)
The former "Wirtshaus zum Löchl" dates from the 16th century. This is where the “upper watering gate” was originally located in the city wall on the salt axis side (access to Salzach ships, watering facilities for the city's cattle). The hinges for the former gate wings of the city gate are still preserved today. The small stalls that were later located there named themselves after the Löchlbogen: Metzgerlöchl, Schnapslöchl, Kaslöchl.
Hagenauerhaus - Mozart's birthplace
(Getreidegasse 9)
This house was bought in 1585 by the court pharmacist Chunrad from the Fröschlmoser family. According to this pharmacist, the gate wings still carry an Aesculapian snake in the snapdragon. The marble baroque portal with the oval bust portrait of a saint, which was probably created by Johann Baptist Hagenauer , is also remarkable . The house is named after the owners at the time, the merchants and specialty merchants Hagenauer. Johann Lorenz von Hagenauer (1712–1792), whose grandfather Georg von Hagenauer bought the house in 1703, was a friend and supporter of the Mozarts. Many historical letters attest to the friendly relationship between the Mozart family and the Hagenauers.
The Getreidegasse owes its international fame to Mozart. Immediately after their wedding on November 21, 1747, the couple Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart moved into the new rented apartment on the third floor of this house, known as the Hagenauerhaus. On January 27, 1756, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born here as the seventh child of the family.
In 1773, after father and son's third trip to Vienna, after more than 26 years they moved with mother Anna Maria and sister Nannerl from the apartment in the Getreidegasse, which had become too cramped, to the Tanzmeisterhaus on what was then Hannibalplatz, today Makartplatz 8.
As early as 1880, the International Mozarteum Foundation built a museum in the birthplace, which it was able to purchase in 1917. In the last decades before 2000, the museum was systematically converted and expanded by the foundation.
Three main themes are presented in this museum: "Mozart and the University", "Mozart's friendship with Salzburg families" and "Church music and veneration of saints". The upper floor is under the motto "Mozart and the theater". Various stage models from the 18th to 20th centuries are shown. The main attractions, however, are various musical instruments by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (including his children's violin , his concert violin, his clavichord , his concert grand piano and his fortepiano ) as well as furniture and objects of daily use by Mozart. The museum also houses portraits and letters from the family as well as autographs (in facsimile) and famous original pictures by Mozart, such as the unfinished oil painting by Mozart's brother-in-law Joseph Lange, "Mozart at the piano", painted in 1789.
Baker's House
(Getreidegasse 11 also Schrankenpeckenhaus, until around 2003 the Feichtner family's “Viennese bakery”)
The house, first mentioned in documents in 1380, has been known as a bakery for centuries. The “Pecken” Georg Penkher worked here as early as 1608, and since 1713 the house has been called the Schrankenpeckerhaus. This house also has a small inner courtyard, which is structured on the east side with a neat arcade.
Cammerlohrhaus
(Getreidegasse 12)
The house used to have a stable for 24 horses on the ground floor. Between 1420 and 1570 this house was owned by the last Protestant family Claner, who had to leave the city and state of Salzburg around 1570 for reasons of faith . In 1678 the Cammerlohr family acquired this house, which is named after the house today. In the 19th century it housed the Gasthof zu den three Allies , a business that Louis Jung, originally from Alsace, bought from Georg and Therese Nelböck. Jung later transferred the commercial license to the Grand Hotel de l'Europe he built near the train station. The current facade design of the house dates from the end of the 18th century.
Kronenhaus and Haus an der Alben
(Houses at Getreidegasse 14 and 16 with through-house)
House No. 14 was inhabited from 1558 to 1578 by the well-known Protestant minting family Thenn, who were also forced to leave the country after 1578 for reasons of faith. On the Salzach side was the poor house (initially on the outside of the city wall), which later belonged to the adjoining tavern at the Golden Crown as a communal room. The building is an important and much-traveled through house. In the courtyard, which also stands out for its arcades with red marble pillars, a small plaque shows the high water levels on June 24th and 27th, 1786 and on September 14th, 1899.
The “House on the Alb” (no. 16) is reminiscent of the Alm canal flowing here, which as the medieval works canal of the Albe (today Königseer Ache) was often called the Albe itself.
Amannhaus
(Getreidegasse 21)
First mentioned in a document in 1258, today's building dates from the middle of the 16th century. The painter Adrian Ludwig Richter lived in this house from July 4 to August 5, 1823. The inner courtyard shows neat round arched arcades on one side over corbels on the ground floor and a red marble wall fountain. Below is a wooden relief image of Christ carrying a globe. The last Salzburg court organ maker, who took up his duties on November 20, 1785, initially lived in the Amannhaus: Johann Ev. Schmidt . He was placed by Leopold Mozart , who presumably also helped him to find this quarter.
Mill and Eisenniederleghaus
(Getreidegasse 18–22 with through-house)
The building complex was first mentioned in 1286. House 18 originally consisted of two narrow houses and the adjoining Gothic city tower, later also known as Niederlegurm, which were incorporated into the house. The substance of this Gothic city tower has been preserved. As the city continued to expand, a new city wall was introduced to the first city wall on the salt axis side in 1465–1480, so that two remains of various old city walls can be seen in the through-house there. The Getreidegasse side has an old archway, while on the younger one, the stone consoles for the wooden battlements that were once attached have been preserved.
In 1509, the city of Salzburg acquired the three buildings including the mill on the Getreidegasse arm of the Almkanal and the bakery shop, in order to use them as an iron defeat in exercise of their deposit or stacking rights (1487–1828) after the house at Waagplatz 1 (bread market). In house number 20 there was the apartment of the depositor or Lötschenmeister. The Lötschen there were depositors for iron, later also for various other goods, most recently until 1828 for drinks. The bakers and millers working here also had their apartments on the upper floors of the house.
At least from the early 16th century to the 17th century, 20 different saddlers lived in the house , who also owned a saddlery shop here. After these, this house is often called Sattlerstöckl. Today's Gasthof zum Wilden Mann (temporarily "Black Man") moved into the house in 1884.
Nussdorferhaus or Schwabenhaus
(Getreidegasse 25)
At first the house was owned by the ministerial Salzburg noble family von Nussdorf. These Nussdorfers then sold the house around 1630 to the Salzburg citizen and trader Hans Lorenz Schwab ("Schwabenhaus"). From 1737 until it was dissolved, it then belonged to the Salzburg University and then to the "Lyzeum" medical school that followed until it found bourgeois owners again in 1858.
Above the entrance portal is the coat of arms of the first owners (the Nussdorfers) with the unicorn. The current core dates from after 1550, the facades from around 1800. The courtyard shows arched arcades with red red marble columns. On the side of the Universitätsplatz there is a marble plaque with the inscription: “This is the house where Mozarteum director Joseph Friedrich Hummel (1841–1919) lived and died as an orchestra and choir conductor, sound poet and music teacher, who was well known and appreciated for his work. The Salzburg Singing Association ".
Mödlhamerhaus
(Getreidegasse 26) In
1414 the house is mentioned as "Nicola pierbrew". In 1639 the Golden Lion Inn was located here. This is later renamed the Mödlhamer Wirts- und Bräuhaus. The large wrought-iron wall arm with the brewer's mark from 1639, which today adorns the "M" of the McDonald’s fast food chain, is noteworthy .
Lasserhaus or Baron Lassberghaus
(Getreidegasse 27)
The house was first mentioned in 1387 under the owner Georg der Aygell (Aigel), who at that time received permission to rebuild the wall adjacent to the Frauengarten. In 1609, Matthäus Lasser is named as the owner, whose heirs remained in the house until 1800. After that, the house was owned by Baron Lassberg until 1835. From the beginning of the 17th century a relief plate of the Lasser family with an angel holding a coat of arms (in the cafe) has been preserved.
The building, which is essentially late Gothic, dates from the 16th century and has a large segment arch portal from around 1600 and above it the baroque round image of the Good Shepherd. The empire-style wrought iron bracket (1930) is also remarkable. It is one of the few houses with two arcaded courtyards. Today the famous Cafe Getreidegasse and the snack chain Nordsee are housed here.
Sternbäckerhaus
(Getreidegasse 29)
Above the arched portal of the house there is the saying “Praised be Jesus Christ for ever. Amen. FHL 1739 ". The later colored cassette front door is noteworthy. The house was first mentioned in a document in 1387 by Ortwin (from Salzburghofen, today Freilassing ) and Ulrich Dietl (from Braunau am Inn ). Around 1800 the Sternbäcker Hörl bought the house after which the house is named today. The house has open arcades in the courtyard from the first to the fourth floor.
Reitterhaus
(Getreidegasse 33)
Mentioned for the first time in the 14th century, the house belonged to the Pranckh family , ministerials in Salzburg and knights - later counts - with fiefdoms in Styria before 1434 . In 1620 the house was owned by the mistress of Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenaus , Mrs. Salome Alt and had been run as a brewery inn since 1608. On October 1, 1641, it was sold to the High Princely Councilor Corbinian Niedermayr. From 1680 to 1744 this brewery inn was owned by the Stockhamer family. The house has a wide arched portal above which "Brauhaus Stockhamer" can be read. The wall arm there shows the signs of an inn (hop crown with a small brewing tub), but also the signs of the farrier and wagon blacksmith, as the headquarters of the Wagner guild used to be here.
Sternbräu
(Getreidegasse 34–36, Sternbräuhaus with Sternsitz)
Two through-houses lead into this guest garden “from the Spitalvreythof on the tenken side in the tragassen” - from the (community) hospital cemetery on the left side of the Getreidegasse.
The building was created by merging two houses on Getreidegasse with the Sternstöckl on the old city wall. In 1408 the house was owned by a blacksmith, in 1542 it was first referred to as a brewery inn ("Pierprew"); In 1800 it was already called "Zum Goldenen Stern". The "Eye of God" can be found in the throat of the restored ditch roof. The Sternbräu has two guest gardens in the Großgasthof. The former two-storey arcaded courtyard from the Renaissance period is unfortunately only partially preserved.
In the room by the old city wall (erected in the years before 1480) there is the one-story Sternstöckel on the Grießgasse side. Today, instead of the old defensive wall, an arched passage forms the boundary between the guest garden and Griesgasse. The large wrought iron bracket (created in 1668) with its symmetrical rocaille shapes, which bears a marble house logo and various brewing equipment (brewing tub with ears of wheat, shovel, scoop and star) is remarkable in Getreidegasse . A small baroque blessing picture with the three wise men with the star of Bethlehem is attached to the house. However, the Sternbräu doesn't get its name after this biblical star, but after the nearby Sternbastei, which Paris Lodron built into the flat bank of the Salzach and which was razed again after 1860.
Poor people bath
(Getreidegasse 50)
The house was built by the city magistrate in 1329 soon after the city hospital was built and was financed by a charitable foundation. Here arms could take a sweat bath three times a year, use it for cupping or bloodletting , and have their beard and hair cut. This bath was sold to the Salzburg citizen Christoph Tannenberger in 1639 and was in operation until 1816. Long afterwards it was still called Spitalsbadhaus. A few days before the end of the war, on April 25, 1945, this house and the neighboring house fell victim to American aerial bombs. But it was rebuilt in a similar form.
The old coin
(Badergässchen 2 and 4)
The houses behind the house at Getreidegasse 50 were built on the inside of the medieval city wall (1465–1480). (The stone consoles on the salt axis side for the former wooden ramparts have been preserved.) The lower watering gate was once located here.
The houses first belonged to the Admont monastery. In 1322 they were then owned by Marchl (Marchant) Legker and in 1513 by the Salzburg mint master Hanns Thenn. In 1605 the mint moved from today's Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse, first to Getreidegasse and soon here, where it remained until 1662. The row of houses was therefore called “Die Alte Münze” together with another neighboring house. (The mint at Gstättentor fell victim to the aerial bombs of World War II.)
The cornice at the top of the facade of house No. 2 shows the Holy Trinity. The house entrance on the side of the Badergässchen is elevated in view of the frequent flooding of the Salzach. Also noteworthy is the painted stone sculpture of Saint Florian on the facade.
present
Typical of the houses are the windows, which get smaller from the first floor, and admirable house portals, such as No. 9, Mozart's birthplace. The houses in Getreidegasse appear very narrow, but they extend down on both sides of the alley. There used to be a space behind the row of houses, mostly used as a garden. Later these areas were built more and more because space was needed for workshops, stores, stables and servants' apartments. This is how rear buildings were created, which were then connected to the main house and thus led to the typical inner courtyards. In the last few years the rear buildings were mainly used to enlarge the sales areas of the local shops.
It is precisely these interconnected houses that have decisively shaped the urban characteristics of Salzburg. The town houses, which are up to 750 years old, were gutted and converted into business premises - between 1960 and 1980 alone around 700 old apartments were supposedly converted into commercially used rooms - and this is very lucrative, as can be assumed. A tightened old town conservation law tries to curb this action.
outlook
In addition to the tourist reasons, it is the wide range of shops that draws people to Getreidegasse. A wide variety of goods are offered, mainly in the upper price segment. In recent years, however, there has also been increased activity by cheaper fashion chains, which mainly appeal to a young group of buyers.
The economic future of Getreidegasse is uncertain. On the one hand, there is nothing to suggest that the number of tourists in the city of Salzburg - hardly any of whom shouldn't visit Getreidegasse - will decrease significantly. Tourism statistics tend to speak of the opposite. It is questionable whether tourism alone will keep the historic alley that has now become a shopping street alive. The buyer potential of the locals is heavily withdrawn from the city center by the shopping centers located on the outskirts, something that the business people in the city center naturally complain about. The prevention of the construction of new shopping centers “in the country”, which is often called for by regional planning, could weaken this development, perhaps even reverse it.
Two future scenarios for the Getreidegasse as a shopping street are conceivable: either a continuing “kitsch” and a one-sided focus on tourists or the comprehensive safeguarding of the old town of Salzburg as a business location with a balanced mix of industries . Whether the second variant will also be successful depends on this future mix of industries and the future appeal of the high-priced market segment.
literature
- Friedrich Breitinger / Kurt Weinkamer / Gerda Dohle: craftsmen, brewers, landlords and traders . Salzburg's commercial economy during Mozart's time, ed. by the “Franz Triendl Foundation” of the Salzburg Chamber of Commerce and the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , at the same time: Communications from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, 27th supplementary volume, Salzburg 2009.
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country . Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2
- Rudolph Klehr: The Getreidegasse with Rathausplatz and Kranzlmarkt. Historical memories on walks in the old town of Salzburg. Salzburg City Association, Salzburg [1994]. (Series of publications by the Salzburg City Association, special volume).
- FW Zillner: History of the City of Salzburg. Special volumes of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, Salzburg 1885.
Web links
- Getreidegasse on the Salzburg tourism website salzburg.info
- Getreidegasse in the "Austria Lexicon"
- Getreidegasse on salzburgnet.com
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zezihaus , Salzburgwiki, Salzburger Nachrichten
- ↑ Triumph in the Europark Salzburg ( Memento from January 14, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Mozart's birthplace on the website of the (International Mozarteum Foundation) ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mozart's birthplace on the Salzburg tourism website salzburg.info
- ^ The butter violin from violin maker Andreas Ferdinand Mayr, who had his workshop in the violin maker's house , Steingasse 25. Compare: Friedrich Breitinger / Kurt Weinkammer / Gerda Dohle: craftsmen, brewers, landlords and traders . Salzburg's commercial economy during Mozart's time, Salzburg 2009, p. 242.
- ^ Andreas Kapeller: Hotel de l'Europe. Salzburg's unforgettable Grand Hotel. Colorama Verlag, Salzburg 1997, p. 19 f.
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 2 ′ 38 ″ E