cupping

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Medieval depiction of a bath . The cupping heads are attached (woodcut around 1481).

Cupping (Latin ventosatio ) as local blood suction is a traditional therapy method in which negative pressure is applied to a limited area of ​​skin . It is known from ancient times all over the ancient world . There is no scientific proof of the medical effectiveness of cupping. Cupping is still used in alternative medicine as a draining procedure .

Fire cupping

Overview

During cupping, a vacuum is created in so-called cupping glasses or cupping heads . These cupping glasses are placed directly on the skin. The negative pressure is usually achieved by heating the air in the cupping head (Latin: ventosa ) and placing it immediately on the patient's skin. The heating is done with a cotton ball or a piece of cotton cloth dipped in alcohol , each of which is lit. Alternatively, the negative pressure can be generated in the cupping glass by a suction device.

The position of the cupping points is based on the tactile findings , i.e. H. it is cupped in the area of myogeloses (muscular hardening). Depending on the position of the cupping points, the cutivisceral reflex is intended to influence an internal organ. The allocation of the organs to the skin areas is known from the head zones and allows conclusions to be drawn about stressed internal organs.

Locally, the suction during cupping creates an extravasation and subsequently a hematoma . Bloody cupping leads to a local loss of blood and is intended to " purify " locally.

Forms of cupping

There is bloody and dry cupping as well as the cupping massage.

Bloody cupping

Bloody cupping in connection with Baunscheid therapy

In the case of bloody cupping or wet cupping or wet cupping , which was carried out in Mesopotamia in ancient times , the skin z. B. scratched with a blood lancet. Then the negative pressure pulls the blood out, reinforced by the injuries. It is a form of bleeding .

Dry cupping

In contrast, there is dry cupping or bloodless cupping, in which the cupping glass is placed on intact areas of skin. Cupping without glass has been used increasingly since the early 2000s. This was made possible by applications made of biocompatible silicone. These applications either create a vacuum over the skin by squeezing them together and applying them, or they use a vacuum pump. If a vacuum pump is used, a wide variety of applications can be used that are only remotely reminiscent of "bells" - e.g. B. a mat with several suction cups or the patented four-chamber suction cup. In addition, it is possible to use electro-mechanical means to regularly increase and decrease the suction force. Even anatomically difficult to access areas on the body can be reached with the flexible applications.

Cupping massage

During the cupping massage (also called suction (wave) massage) the cupping glass is placed on undamaged skin areas that have previously been oiled. The cupping head is then moved over a certain point, which has a stronger effect on blood circulation than a classic massage .

history

First of all, people used stone knives to scratch indurations on the body surface (e.g. boils or inflammations ) and sucked them out with their mouths and then later with cow horns. Cupping with cupping heads was used as early as 3300 BC. In Mesopotamia and operated by Greek and Egyptian doctors in classical antiquity and was also known in a similar form by the ancient Chinese. The theoretical basis in antiquity was the humoral pathology , which attributed diseases to a segregation of the juices ( humores ) inside the body. This imbalance of the juices should be balanced with cupping heads in the sense of a minutio sanguinis (reduction in the amount of blood) - similar to bloodletting , which has been much more common since antiquity - which was also the case with the corresponding procedures of the Middle Ages and early modern times (from the 14th Century in Persia and Europe in so-called cupping texts) was continued. The Persian doctor Avicenna recommended cupping when the moon is full because the moon attracts moist areas.

In Chinese medicine , the theoretical basis of cupping ( Chinese  拔罐 法 , pinyin báguànfǎ , Japanese 吸 角 法 , kyūkakuhō ) was based on stagnation of blood and qi . Independent of European developments, the shamans of many indigenous peoples have developed similar theories of disease. They practice "sucking out" evil spirits and miasms to this day.

From the 15th century, cupping snipers were sometimes used to cut the skin .

Areas of application

Dry cupping on a patient's back

Cupping is said to be helpful for a variety of complaints, including migraines , rheumatism , intervertebral disc problems, lumbago, knee problems, carpal tunnel syndrome , high blood pressure, sciatica , tonsil problems (especially in the special form of roaring ), bronchitis, asthma, headaches, kidney weakness, sensitivity to the weather, Hypotension, tiredness, depression, weakness, digestive problems, cardiovascular diseases, organ problems , fever, cold and flu.

Contraindications

Dry cupping should not be used in pregnant women up to the fourth month of pregnancy. Cupping heads should also not be placed over tuberculosis , tumors , sunburn, burns or fresh injuries.

In addition to the above-mentioned bloody cupping should not be used in blood clotting disorders , anemia ( anemia ), menstruation, dehydration , fainting tendency , cardiac arrhythmia , coronary insufficiency .

Side effects

As a side effect, blisters can form at the treatment site, especially with strong negative pressure or long-term use. People who “cannot see blood” can faint from bloody cupping .

literature

  • Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 .
  • Ulrich Abele, Erich W. Stepfather: Aschner primer, The most effective constitutional therapeutic methods according to Aschner . Karl F. Haug Verlag, Ulm 1964.
  • Gerhard Bachmann, Friedrich Pecker: The cupping treatment. Saulgau 1952.
  • Ilkay Zihni Chirali: Cupping Therapy in Chinese Medicine . 1st edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-437-56250-9 .
  • Wolf Gerhard Frenkel, Pecs Zoltan Molnar, Georg Bamberger: Healthy through cupping . 1st edition. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-7945-2759-5 .
  • Edvard Gotfredsen: Cupping. Copenhagen 1957 (= Therapia antiqua , 8).
  • Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping: basics, implementation, natural therapy concepts . 4th edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3830491699 .

Web links

Commons : Cupping  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007. ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 21.
  2. ^ Russell J .; Rovere A .: Cupping . In: American Cancer Society (Ed.): Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies . 2nd Edition. 2009, ISBN 978-0-944235-71-3 , pp. 189-191 .
  3. ↑ paracelsus.de ( Memento of the original dated December 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.paracelsus.de
  4. ↑ Ilkay Zihni Chirali: Cupping Therapy in Chinese Medicine. Urban & Fischer Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-437-56250-9 . P. 63 ff.
  5. ↑ Ulrich Abele, Erich W. Stepfather: Aschner-Fibel. The most effective constitutional therapeutic methods according to Aschner. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Ulm an der Donau 1964, p. 97 ff.
  6. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice. 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 58 ff.
  7. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 27 ff.
  8. ↑ Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping, basic knowledge and practice . 3. Edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2004. ISBN 3-8304-9091-7 . P. 31
  9. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 69 ff.
  10. ↑ Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping, basic knowledge and practice . 3. Edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-9091-7 , p. 21 f.
  11. ↑ Wolf Gerhard Frenkel, Pecs Zoltan Molnar, Georg Bamberger: Healthy through cupping . 1st edition. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-7945-2759-5 , p. 10.
  12. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 21.
  13. ^ Gundolf Keil : Cupping place texts. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 1308.
  14. ^ Gundolf Keil: Cupping place texts. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 8, Col. 856-860.
  15. ↑ Gerhard Jaritz: Bloodletting and cupping in the Klosterneuburg women's choir monastery (1445–1533). In: Yearbook of Klosterneuburg Abbey. , New Series, 9 (Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1975), pp. 67–108.
  16. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier : Avicenna. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-41946-1 , p. 100.
  17. ↑ tcm-germany.de ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tcm-germany.de
  18. ↑ entry in the dictionary Daijisen
  19. ↑ Ilkay Zihni Chirali: Cupping Therapy in Chinese Medicine . 1st edition. Urban & Fischer Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-437-56250-9 , p. 3 ff.
  20. ^ A. Ahmadi, DC Schwebel, M. Rezaei: The efficacy of wet-cupping in the treatment of tension and migraine headache . In: Am J Chin Med. 2008; 36 (1), pp. 37-44.
  21. ↑ Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping, basic knowledge and practice . 3. Edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-9091-7 , pp. 132 ff., PMID 18306448 .
  22. ↑ K. Farhadi, DC Schwebel, M. Saeb, M. Choubsaz, R. Mohammadi, A. Ahmadi: The effectiveness of wet-cupping for nonspecific low back pain in Iran: a randomized controlled trial . Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pain research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In: Complement Ther Med. , 2009 Jan; 17 (1), pp. 9-15. Epub 2008 June 24, PMID 19114223 .
  23. ↑ K Ullah, A Younis, M Wali: An investigation into the effect of Cupping Therapy as a treatment for Anterior Knee Pain and its potential role in Health Promotion. In: The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine. 2006 Volume 4 Number 1.
  24. ↑ A. Michalsen, S. Bock, R. Lüdtke, T. Rampp, M. Baecker, J. Bachmann, J. Langhorst, F. Musial, GJ Dobos: Effects of traditional cupping therapy in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. In: J. Pain , June 2009, 10 (6), pp. 601-608. Epub, April 19, 2009, PMID 19380259 www.scienceticker.info .
  25. ^ MS Lee, TY Choi, BC Shin, JI Kim, SS Nam: Cupping for hypertension: a systematic review . In: Clin Exp Hypertens . 2010; 32 (7), pp. 423-425. Epub 2010, September 9. PMID 20828224 .
  26. ↑ Ulrich Abele, Erich W. Stiefvater: Aschner-Fibel, The most effective constitutional therapeutic methods according to Aschner . Karl F. Haug Verlag, Ulm 1964, p. 99 ff.
  27. ↑ Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping, basic knowledge and practice . 3. Edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-9091-7 , p. 77 ff.
  28. ↑ Ilkay Zihni Chirali: Cupping Therapy in Chinese Medicine . 1st edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-437-56250-9 , p. 99 ff.
  29. ↑ Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping, basic knowledge and practice . 3. Edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-9091-7 , p. 72.
  30. ↑ Ilkay Zihni Chirali: Cupping Therapy in Chinese Medicine . 1st edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-437-56250-9 , p. 201.
  31. ↑ Hedwig Piotrowski-Manz: The art of cupping, basic knowledge and practice . 3. Edition. Sonntag Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-9091-7 , p. 76.
  32. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 115.
  33. ^ Johann Abele: Cupping treatment, theory and practice . 8th edition. Karl F. Haug Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7237-7 , p. 121 ff.