Salome Alt

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Salome Alt

Salome Alt , 1600 Old Altenau (* 21st November 1568 in Salzburg , the capital of the then Fürsterzbistums Salzburg ; † 27. June 1633 in Wels , Austria ) was the partner and lover of the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg , Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (1559- 1617).

Miniature of Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau around 1605

Life

The merchant's daughter Salome Alt was the life partner of Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau for over 22 years , to whom she bore 15 children (some sources also speak of 16 children). Salome came from a respected Salzburg merchant family, she was the daughter of Wilhelm Alt, a merchant and councilor in Salzburg; her grandfather Ludwig Alt was even mayor of the city around 1523. One chronicler describes her as tall, with reddish brown hair, clear gray eyes, and a broad forehead, and as the most beautiful in town.

Memorial plaque to Salome Alt in a through-house at 6 Sigmund Hafnergasse

Life partner of Raitenau

She got to know Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau during a festivity in the old town drinking room and went with him to an initially hidden accommodation in the archbishop's palace. It is said that afterwards she never set foot in her middle-class parents' house in Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse. After his election as Prince Archbishop, he tried to obtain a dispensation from Rome , through which it would have been possible for him as a cleric to be married. The family fama even reports that Salome and Wolf Dietrich entered into a marital covenant before he was ordained a priest. In addition, at that time it was assumed that celibacy would be lifted shortly . Despite the mediation attempts by his uncle, Cardinal Marcus Sitticus von Hohemems , this project failed. Wolf Dietrich made no secret of the relationship, Salome was present at court and she dined at the court table even when guests were present.

children

Her connection to Wolf Dietrich gave birth to 15 children, five of whom died early and eleven of whom are known by name:

  1. Hannibal (* 1593, † 1616)
  2. Helena
  3. Euphemia († 1638) ∞ Max Richtersperger, counter writer to Wels, widowed,
  4. Maria Salome (* 1595, † 1605), she is buried in Nonnberg Abbey with a portrait tombstone,
  5. Eusebia († 1624),
  6. Cäcilie, on June 3, 1620 ∞ Georg Constantin Grundemann von Falkenberg († 1662). Were children from marriage
    1. Georg Constantin,
    2. Adam Anton ∞ Susanna Katharina Grüber von Grübegg,
    3. Franz Fortunat (Benedictine monk of Kremsmünster),
    4. Johann Erasmus († unmarried in imperial military service),
    5. Ferdinand Wilhelm (drowned in an arm of the Danube near Linz, 13 years old),
    6. Ferdinand Adam Rudolf († as a child).
      Through this Grundemann von Falkenberg family, the Alt von Altenau family survived into the 21st century.
  7. Anton,
  8. Wolf Dietrich,
  9. Viktor (* 1604, † 1638 in Freihaus zu Wels ∞ on February 20, 1634 in Salzburg Cathedral [1] with Katharina Götz, daughter of the Bavarian Chancellor of Burghausen, Dr. Johann Götz),
  10. Johann Georg Eberhard (* 1605, † 1675) under the name Egidius he became a Benedictine monk in Kremsmünster Abbey ,
  11. Susanna.

After the fall of Wolf Dietrich, Salome Alt did not want to marry off any of her children, as long as my gnettigists hern die gestalt , i. H. as long as he was locked up.

Ranks

Coat of arms of the Alt von Altenau

In 1600 Wolf Dietrich raised Salome Alt to the nobility , since then she has been able to call herself Salome von Altenau. Salome Alt also took part in the social life of the Salzburg court to a large extent. In 1606 she moved into a new domicile in Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse (today Dietrichsruh ). Johann Stainhauser writes in the year 1605, the 18th day of August, that her High Princely Grace bought the house from Mr. Friedrich Rechlinger [married to Maria Alt, a second cousin of Salome] for about 1400 florins and to his Gepew built up. He also had the old Münz in the Kirchengasse [Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse, corner of Churfürstenstrasse] and the Schaidgaden broken off and in other large Gepew, so it goes to the parish churches, with an iron door and in front of the windows with beautiful ones have painted transparent panels erected. In 1606 Wolf Dietrich built Altenau Castle for them outside the city walls , which later became today's Mirabell Castle . This became a preferred place to stay for Wolf Dietrich, who " often had fun with his family, etc. in such beautiful cheer and often enjoyed meals both in the evening and in the morning and indulged in all sorts of honest games of joy and entertainment ".

On August 28, 1609, Emperor Rudolf II in Prague raised her to the rank of imperial nobility, and her children, whom she had given birth to a noble clergy of a single class, will be relieved of all flaws and defects of their illegitimate birth . The woman, who was not interested in politics and power, was soothing to the overused and uncontrolled man with her balanced manner. With her children she formed the haven of calm in his hectic life. It was telling that, despite her precarious position at the Salzburg court, she did not have a single known personal enemy.

Salomes Alt von Altenau and her children were accepted into the Salzburg countryside on May 24, 1610 . Wolf Dietrich gave Salome Alt and her children the country estate. By transferring the "freedom of the landed people" for the Altenau parent house, which is located within the castle truce, the family was freed, among other things, from the common burdens and the low authorities, the grip of the city administration. In 1610 Wolf Dietrich gave her Seehaus Castle in Rupertiwinkel . Through Wolf Dietrich's acquisitions and donations in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, Salome Alt possessed the immense fortune of more than 400,000 florins , recorded in an Urbarium of Salome Alt on October 31, 1610. The annual income of their 80 properties (farms, farmsteads, taverns, mills, fields and timber rights) amounted to over 200 guilders. In 1612 Salome Alt von Altenau renounced her debt obligations of 120,000 guilders to the Tyrolean countryside for herself and her children in favor of the Salzburg cathedral chapter .

Raitenau's argument with Wilhelm of Bavaria

Wolf Dietrich was in conflict with the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm V involved. Armed conflicts over the salt trade followed and culminated with the invasion of Bavaria in 1611. Out of concern, he had his family brought to Flachau in the Thurnhof residence and tried to escape to Carinthia himself . However, he was caught by Bavarian captors in Gmünd and first brought to Hohenwerfen Fortress and later to Hohensalzburg Fortress , where he usually spent his time in solitary confinement until his death on January 16, 1617. A scribble he made in his dungeon cell on Hohenwerfen testifies to his suffering: "Laydes is dear to the beginning - sooner or later."

Salome Alt is terrified of his arrest and, during this time, develops a nervous fever from which she does not recover for a long time. After his fall and Wolf Dietrich's capture, Salome Alt was arrested in Flachau on October 27, 1611, but was soon released again on the orders of the cathedral chapter. She flees to Wels in Upper Austria to her cousin Felicitas Weiß, née Alt, who is married to the merchant Christoph Weiß. Here she waited in vain for “her master” ; although she managed to get in touch with him secretly, they never saw each other again after his arrest.

Salome Alt's house in Wels, Stadtplatz 24

Life after death in Raitenau

After Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau's death in 1617, Salome only wears mourning clothes. In 1622 Salome Alt von Altenau bought the house at Stadtplatz 24 in Wels, on which the late Gothic bay window with three coats of arms of the Hofmann family and frescoes from 1570 can be seen today. The house originally belonged to the Roman-German King and later Emperor Ferdinand I , from 1552 it was open to the barons of Hofmann. Salome Alt von Altenau died here on June 27, 1633 at the age of 64. The gender calling itself Alt von Altenau expires with Salome, as it is not survived by any male descendants bearing the name. But there are grandchildren of Salome Alt and Wolf Dietrich through the Grundemann von Falkenberg family. Her sister becomes the universal heir. In 1668 the house in Wels is sold by the heirs of the Alt von Altenau to the Eiselsberg family.

So far it has not been possible to locate the burial place of Salome Alt.

portrait

Salome Alt as Maria Magdalena

A picture by Camillo Procaccini (* 1546 in Bologna) depicting the Entombment of Christ shows Salome Alt in the foreground as Maria Magdalena. Wolf Dietrich donated this work to the Langnau monastery , where the grave of his family was located, from where it was later moved to the village church of neighboring Hiltensweiler (today part of Tettnang , Baden-Württemberg).

The north-western chapel in the parish church of Mülln , built for the Teutonic Order Commander Hans Ulrich (II.) Von Raitenau (1567–1622), contains a Christmas picture (early 17th century) after Otto van Veen on the east wall, on which, according to tradition, the Mother of God Maria and in St. Joseph the portraits of Salome Alt and Wolf Dietrich should be seen.

In the Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse No. 6 in Salzburg there is a memorial plaque for Salome Alt today.

literature

  • Heinz Dopsch ; Robert Hoffmann: Salzburg. The history of a city (2nd edition). Anton Pustet University Press, Salzburg: 2008, ISBN 978-3-7025-0598-1 .
  • Eva Stahl-Botstiber: Salome Alt and the image of women in her time. In the Salzburg regional government cultural department (ed.), “4. Salzburg State Exhibition - Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau - Founder of Baroque Salzburg ”, pp. 55–58. Salzburg: 1987.
  • Siebmacher, Johann: Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book. Volume 28. The coats of arms of the nobility in Salzburg, Styria and Tyrol. Facsimile reprint of the Nuremberg edition 1701–1806. Munich: Battenberg. Bauer & Raspe: Neustadt an der Aisch, 1979.
  • Eva Stahl: Wolf Dietrich von Salzburg, man of the world on the bishop's throne . Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1987, ISBN 3-85002-230-7 .
  • Sigrid-Maria Großering : About crown and love. The power of history . Amalthea, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-85002-649-9 .

Web links

Commons : Salome Alt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Miniaturbild bis of Salome Alt, In Salzburger Landesregierung Kulturabteilung (Ed.), 4th Salzburg State Exhibition - Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau - Founder of Baroque Salzburg , pp. 320–321. Salzburg: 1987. The inscription on the back of the picture reads: "Salome, Wilhel (m) ben Alten (s) // daughter, was born // the 21.9 to (= November) A 1568 in // Zaichen deß Stainbockhs."
  2. ↑ Eva Stahl-Botstiber: Salome Alt and the image of women in their time; in: 4th Salzburg State Exhibition. Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, founder of Baroque Salzburg; May 16 - April 26 October 1987 in the new residence building and in the cathedral museum in Salzburg , published by the office of the Salzburg provincial government - cultural department; here p. 55.Deviating from this, the Seeau Foundation states 1663 as the year of death under Alt von Altenau (last requested on October 21, 2013)
  3. ↑ Heinz Dopsch & Robert Hoffmann, 2008, p. 225.
  4. ↑ Ludwig Alt was ennobled by Emperor Charles V on April 15, 1541 for his services . On December 27, 1616, his (presumed) grandchildren Samuel, Georg and Tobias von Alt received confirmation of their diploma from Emperor Mathias . Josef Siebmacher, 1701–1806, p. 3.
  5. ↑ Altenau family
  6. ^ Members of the Altenau family .
  7. ↑ The family book of Viktor von Altenau, In Salzburger Landesregierung Kulturabteilung (Ed.), “4. Salzburg State Exhibition - Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau - Founder of Baroque Salzburg ”, pp. 323–325. Salzburg: 1987.
  8. ^ Letter from Salome Alt to chamberlain Elisabeth Freinslabin, March 7, 1617, Wels. In the Salzburg regional government cultural department (ed.), “4. Salzburg State Exhibition - Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau - Founder of Baroque Salzburg ”, p. 322. Salzburg: 1987.
  9. ↑ Source: House, Court and State Archives Vienna, General Document Series
  10. ^ Eva Stahl-Botstiber, 1987, p. 57.
  11. ↑ Liselotte Eltz-Hofmann: Salzburg women. Life and work from 13 centuries. Salzburg: 1997, p. 25 ff.
  12. ↑ Eva Stahl-Botstiber, Salome Alt and the image of women in their time. In the Salzburg regional government cultural department (ed.), “4. Salzburg State Exhibition - Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau - Founder of Baroque Salzburg ”, pp. 55–58, Salzburg: 1987.
personal data
SURNAME Old, Salome
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Old from Altenau, Salome
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mistress of the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1568
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg , Archbishopric of Salzburg
DATE OF DEATH June 27, 1633
Place of death Wels , Archduchy of Austria