Johann Baptist Hagenauer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johann Baptist Hagenauer von Hagenau (born June 22, 1732 in Ainring near Freilassing - at that time in the Principality of Salzburg , now in Upper Bavaria ; † September 10, 1810 in Vienna ) was a Salzburg sculptor.

education

Terracota model of a Pieta by Johann Baptist Hagenauer

Johann Baptist was born as the fourth of eleven children at the Amangut in Hagenau in Ainring. He was the brother of the two Salzburg architects Wolfgang Hagenauer and Johann Georg von Hagenauer . He learned from the sculptor Johann Georg Itzlfeldner in Tittmoning , whom he soon surpassed. With the support of Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach and his uncle Lorenz Hagenauer, he was able to study with Jakob Christoph Schletterer at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts from 1754 .

His extremely rapid progress at the academy moved Archbishop Schrattenbach to support him financially from 1759 onwards during his studies at the Accademia Clementina in Bologna, later in Florence and then in Rome. From Italy he brought many awards and prizes as well as several casts of ancient sculptures.

Marriages

His first wife Maria Rosa, b. Barducci met Johann Baptist during a stay in Florence, whom he was able to marry on November 26, 1764 in Salzburg Cathedral. As a Salzburg citizen, it was forbidden for him to marry foreign citizens abroad without the consent of the sovereign. Maria Rosa was a painter and came from a family of painters, her father was Giuseppe de Barducci, an Augsburg miniature painter with Italian roots. She repeatedly served her husband Johann Baptist as a model for sculptures, the best known is probably the statue of the Virgin Mary on Salzburg Cathedral Square. Her figure and face can also be recognized in many statues in the Nymphenburg Palace Park and in the Schönbrunn Palace Park in Vienna. Maria Rosa Barducci died in Vienna in 1786. Seven years later, on June 16, 1793, Johann Baptist von Hagenauer married the officer's daughter and wax medalist Elisabeth Weber (1772–1839), who was 40 years younger than him, in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna . Elisabeth Weber was a trained medalist, sculptor and stamp cutter in wax, which was then known as "wax medalist".

Act

In 1761 Johann Baptist Hagenauer was raised to the position of archbishop's gallery inspector by Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach, and soon afterwards to court statuary in the rank of court clerk . Because of his status he had the right to sit “at the table of the noble boys”. Through his artistic success, but certainly also through the charisma of his (in the opinion of Salzburg contemporaries) beautiful and artistically very talented wife, he became one of the leading and most sought-after artists in Salzburg.

In 1765 Johann Baptist designed the reliefs (laid out in stucco due to lack of time) of the Innsbruck Triumphal Gate on the occasion of the wedding of Archduke Leopold to the Spanish Princess Maria Ludovica. The reliefs were executed in marble by Balthasar Ferdinand Moll in 1774 . Johann Baptist was certainly the determining and driving part of the collaboration with his older brother Wolfgang in the following Salzburg years. For the time being, the older Wolfgang did not achieve the same recognition as his brother, who at the time also followed the younger Johann Baptist to the art academy in Vienna. Later Johann Baptist took care of his youngest brother Johann Georg, who was to make a great career as an architect first in Carinthia and later in Passau.

After the death of his Salzburg patron Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach and the break with his successor Archbishop Hieronymus von Colloredo , he left Salzburg disappointed in 1771 and worked from then on for the Munich court (Nymphenburg Palace) and the Viennese court (Schönbrunn Palace). There he created several large-scale sculptures and the left fountain in the forecourt of Schönbrunn. Empress Maria Theresa stayed in Johann Baptist von Hagenauer's workshop again and again to observe the progress of the sculptures. She praised his hard work and skill and repeated the words several times: "Salzburg, I like your statues best, especially what I've seen".

In 1774, with the support of State Chancellor Prince Wenzel Anton Kaunitz, the sculptor was appointed director of the sculpture class at the Vienna Academy, and in 1779 he also took over the ore cutting class there. This earned him the envy of many professors at the academy, which eventually ended in intrigue. He also founded a company that reproduced ancient sculptures and reliefs. These were then either bronzed or "antique patinated". Hagenauer had several apprentices and students, including Johann Lederwasch (1755-1827), the portrait modeller and sculptor Leonhard Posch (1750-1831) and the sculptor and graphic artist Joseph Mattersberger (1754-1825). In 1783 Johann Baptist von Hagenauer published the work Nouveaux Dessins de Differens Ornemens de Meubles and in 1791 the textbook Teaching of the Proportion of Man, of Perspective, and of Light and Shadow Theory as well as 40 booklets with ornamental stitches . He also created the following altars: Schottenfeld Church in Vienna, Church of Our Lady of Good Advice in Böckstein in the Gastein Valley, Parish Church of Köstendorf near Salzburg, Parish Church of Mülln and Collegiate Church of Nonnberg (the latter in the city of Salzburg).

style

Johann Baptist Hagenauer began his career with many small sculptures in the Rococo style . After his stay in Vienna and then in Italy, his style should change to a strict classicism. Soon he also ventured into large sculptures that became increasingly classicistic: he created a. a. the sculptures on both sides of the Sigmundstore (1767) and the large sculpture of Maria Immaculata on Domplatz (1766/1771).

family

An important sponsor of Johann Baptist Hagenauer and his brothers Wolfgang Hagenauer and Johann Georg Hagenauer was their uncle Johann Lorenz von Hagenauer (1712–1792). This very wealthy Salzburg merchant was, among other things, the owner of the house in which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Getreidegasse, as well as a friend and supporter of the Mozart family and Michael Haydn. Johann Lorenz von Hagenauer's son Kajetan Rupert Hagenauer also promoted the three artist brothers Hagenauer as Abbot Dominikus von St. Peter until his death.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Baptist Hagenauer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Hagenauer, Johann Baptist
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hagenauer, Johann Baptist von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Salzburg sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1732
PLACE OF BIRTH Ainring near Freilassing
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 1810
Place of death Vienna