Börstel pen
The pin Börstel is a former Cistercian monastery on the northern edge of the district Osnabrück . Today it is a free worldly women's pen .
location
Börstel monastery, located in the middle of a forest area, which was also called "Börstel" (Borstel) in the Middle Ages, on the Berge - Herzlake road , belongs to the district of the same name in the municipality of Berge within the joint municipality of Fürstenau . The lonely abbey is located on the northern foothills of the Ankumer Höhe and is part of the TERRA.vita nature and geopark .
According to the old Cistercian tradition, the former monastery is located quite lonely. Hikers have about an hour's walk to the next settlement. Nothing has changed since the Middle Ages.
history
middle Ages
According to tradition, Count Otto I and Johann I von Oldenburg are said to have founded the Cistercian convent around 1244 as the “Rosental” monastery in Menslage , who gave up their farmyard for this purpose. However, there is no evidence of a connection between the newly founded convent and the order itself. The monastery was first mentioned in a document in 1246, the year it was founded a few years earlier. This is what it says in the first still existing document of the former Principality of Osnabrück from June 3, 1246
" Engelbert I von Isenberg ( from Isenberg Castle / Hattingen), Bishop of Osnabrück , transfers the Schlingmann (slings) inheritance to the monastery in Menslage with three heirs of the hostels that his vassal Johannes Sture has given up".
The foundation of the convent (conventui in Menslage Cisterciensis ordinis contulimus) took place in Menslage, but probably no structural measures took place there (use of the courtyard buildings). It was relocated to the Börsteler Wald around 1251 . The document from March 1251 to Tecklenburg says:
"Count Otto I of Tecklenburg sold the after Börstel to be laid monastery in Menslage half of Sundern in Börstel, parish mountains, for 100 marks and testified that he the bishop as lords resigned the country and that it has subsequently transferred to the monastery" .
The rapid relocation of the monastery is probably due to the exchange of goods and as a reaction of the Oldenburg counts in connection with changes in the territorial responsibilities. In the disputes between the bishops of Osnabrück and the Counts of Tecklenburg, from whom the murderer of Engelbert von Köln († 1225) was granted protection, the Osnabrück won. After the peace of 1236, the fiefdom of the counts fell to the bishopric of Osnabrück. Here in the “Börstel”, after the construction of the general monastic facilities, a “St. Marien” monastery church was also built, a brick building as a four-bay hall church with a straight choir. The time of initiation or by whom the Church was “consecrated” is not known.
After the first name of the monastery of Rosental , the name of the monastery “Marienbergen”, probably chosen after the patroness of the Cistercian sisters, the Mother of God , appears at the beginning of the convent . This proper name is used in connection with the place name in some documents, however, only in the 13th century.
In the first 80 years of its existence, the monastery received six papal pledges of protection for its legal protection. These range from a protective bull of Innocent IV to a confirmation of the monastic rights by John XXII.
Through further donations over the centuries from the ducal houses of Oldenburg and Tecklenburg, but also through the convent's own land purchases and donations from the Corvey Abbey , which separated several villages from the parish of Löningen and gave the new founding of the Cistercian nuns, an extensive property of the nuns grew.
Reformation and Thirty Years War
Around the turn of the century from the 15th to the 16th century, according to documents, the gentle change from Catholic forms of worship to the Lutheran liturgy can be established. The formulations in Abbess Beata Schade's (1532–1556) election announcement also suggest the reform of the service; Lutheran pastors appeared as witnesses to the election: Bartholomäus Niggemann from Berge and Ludolf Erffmann from Quakenbrück . Various testimonies of spiritual life speak for a mixed denominational form in Börstel from Protestant sermons and Roman Catholic rites until the post-Reformation century. As in pre-Reformation times, the choir singers came together for the hourly prayers on the nuns' gallery, which were no longer held seven times, but only three times a day. Sermon services were held on Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday.
During the Spanish-Dutch and the Thirty Years War , the monastery was heavily burdened by looting, billeting and high contribution obligations. After the bishopric of Osnabrück was occupied by Swedish troops in 1633, the situation worsened for the few remaining Cistercian women , who in 1637 and 1638 had to flee five times to the moated Lonne castle near Fürstenau and to the reformed Lingen .
Change in the 17th century
With the following sentence of November 24, 1632, the convent releases its own maid Christina Bunning from Bippen :
“ We Gertrudt von Althauß abdissin, Elisabeth Kirstapell senior, Lucretia Wolbergh von Haeren kellnersche and further semptliche stiftsjufferen for Borstell watch customers, confess and testify in and with this our open, sealed letter or documento manumissionis for us, our descendants and all of us and this is the corporal authority maid Christinen Bunnings, so from Heinrich Bunningh saligeren and Gesen married couple living in the church village of Bippen, the same freed of her aigenthumbs, dealt with and remitted and she is now instead of her mother Gesen Bunnings, so free status come to inheritance . "
- April 1643, mention of a clergyman for Börstel.
"The Börstel Monastery confirms to Konrad Kruse, Pastor of Börstel, that it pays him 100 Reichstaler wages and interest payments until they are released".
A major change in the convention only took place after the Reformation. As a result, the lifestyle of the Börstel nuns changed, the hitherto strict cloister was lifted and the Cistercian women were released from their religious vows . The dissolution of life in the community in favor of independent living, visiting relatives and friends in the monastery or being able to travel yourself, all of this was now allowed.
With the conditions of the "Perpetual Capitulation" (Capitulatio perpetua osnabrugensis) negotiated in the Peace of Westphalia and at the Reichstag in Nuremberg in 1650, the term free world pen and new regulations came about. These determined that of the ten members of the chapter eight, including the abbess, should be Protestant and two should be Catholic. This regulation is still valid.
French rule
During the French rule, the monastery was abolished in December 1811, but this was reversed at the end of 1813. With the wars of freedom of 1813/1814, the Napoleonic system of rule quickly collapsed in Westphalia . In November of that year, large parts of the Prussian military were occupied.
Regulations valid today
Traditionally, abbesses of the Börstel monastery or monastery had to be of aristocratic origin and prove this by means of an evocation plaque . Abbess Johanne von Bodelschwingh , who was retiring for reasons of age , was replaced in 2004 by Britta Rook, a civil geographer who is still in office today. The pen chapter is both secular and spiritual decision-maker for the interests of the pen. On the day of the chapter, the monastery chapter receives the economic report from the abbess, decides on the budget and is responsible for the economic existence of the monastery. The abbess is the spiritual director of the chapter and manager of the monastery business. The monastery is economically independent and has to generate its budget independently with the historical foundation property.
Certificates
There is an extraordinarily extensive documentation on the history of the Börstel Monastery, almost all of the topics relating to monastic affairs have been preserved in original documents. The following two documents can be used as evidence of a church:
- 1323
In 1323 a chaplain was donated to the altars of the Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas .
- September 1325
"The Börstel Monastery sells to the priest Hermann called Honeke for 23 marks the tenth of three heirs with their small tithe in that of two Kotten in the parish of Herzlake, which he had donated with the consent of the Bishop of Osnabrück for an altar of the monastery".
A large number of other documents contain statements about the history of the Börstel Monastery:
- March 1363
"Before Johann von Brasche, judge of Quakenbrück , the squire Konrad von Lohne sold the self-employed Teleke von Orthe for two marks to the (conventui sanctimonialium Borstelo) monastery Börstel".
- September 1470
"Before Lambert Hermannshus, judge at Menslage, Tebbeton Oldenhus swore from a feud against the Börstel monastery".
- May 1540
"Arnold van der Borch, provost of the cathedral in Osnabrück, as judge and commissioner of Charles V , tells the abbess of the Börstel monastery that she should assign a benefice to Georg Roberg ".
- June 1572
"Remert von Russel, judge at Ankum , confirms that Hille Stottenmann was born as a free person".
- June 1581
"The cathedral chapter in Osnabrück sells the tithes of the farmers Renslage, Wierup and Klein Mimmelage of the parish of Menslage to the Börstel monastery for 1500 Taler".
Today's structural condition of the monastery complex
The heart of the rather large complex is the former early Gothic (north German brick Gothic ) monastery church “St. Marien ".
The external dimensions of the church are 10.50 meters in width and 30.70 meters in length. The mighty edifice to serve as base raw, often present in this region of Germany boulder blocks of different size and shape. The natural stone base resting on it is the basis of the rising brick masonry with five buttresses . This is divided into four bays , each with a Gothic pointed arch window. On the south and north sides there are frieze-like cornices protruding from the masonry above the windows in three layers of brick. Particular emphasis was placed on the design of the east side of the church.
Here on the east gable as the “front side” there is a rich architectural structure. The central area with pointed arches and arcades closes in the upper area with three-tiered blind strips in a three-quarter circle. A loosening of the gable was reinforced by additional decorative brick ornamentation . The west gable is kept quite simple, it only has a few blind windows and brick decorations in a zigzag motif. In contrast to the east gable, which was rebuilt after demolition in the middle of the 19th century according to the old model, and apart from a few repairs to the buttresses made at different times, the original brick structure of the church has been preserved.
Worth seeing
- A well-preserved cloister attached to the church .
- A baroque altar from 1710, created by Thomas Jöllemann .
Other sights in the area: Roggenspeicher, forest cemetery, old forest and the moor nature trail in the Hahnenmoor .
use
Börstel Monastery is still inhabited today by the ecumenical spiritual community of the canonesses. However, not all capitulars live in the monastery.
As a free foundation and foundation under public law, the foundation chapter serves to maintain, manage, social, ecclesiastical and cultural filling of the foundation. With the support of a circle of friends, the Stiftskapitel organizes cultural activities all year round. Concerts take place in the collegiate church in the summer months. Since 2007, the Börstel guitar seminar has been held here every July with internationally renowned lecturers. In the old granary, lectures on social and church topics are offered in winter. Exhibitions, poetry readings and other things complete the offer.
Since its foundation to the present day, the monastery has primarily been the place of residence of single women who live and work in a Christian community. Young women can do a voluntary ecological year or an internship at the Börstel Abbey; they receive the status of youth conventual for a few months.
Since the founding of the Cistercian convent up to the present day, public services and prayer times have been held regularly in the collegiate church, today in the liturgical form of Taizé. Since 2005 the monastery has been running a program for retreats, meditation days, etc. a. Developed.
The surrounding buildings offer space for conferences, celebrations and accommodation. But also accommodation options in different categories for children's and youth camps, riding holidays or family get-togethers.
literature
- Adolphe von Düring: History of the Börstel Monastery . Part 1–3. In: Osnabrücker Mitteilungen. 18, 1893, ISSN 0179-3802 , pp. 161-256; 19, 1894, pp. 1-94; 20, 1895, pp. 1-92.
- Viktor Fleischer: Börstel monastery and its church . (= Large monuments. 196). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 1965.
- Guido Grosse Boymann: The monastery church in Börstel (Krs. Bersenbrück) and the single-aisled Cistercian churches . Münster 1966, (Muenster, Phil. Diss. 1967).
-
Friedrich Ernst Hunsche : Knight seats, noble houses, families and vassals . Howe, Tecklenburg 1988-1989;
- Volume 1: Knight seats, noble houses, families and vassals of the former county of Tecklenburg. ISBN 3-925147-08-X .
- Volume 2: Knight seats, noble houses, families and vassals of the former Upper County of Lingen, the Bevergern office and other Tecklenburger fiefs. ISBN 3-925147-24-1 .
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich: The Börstel Monastery. In: If stones could talk. Volume II, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7842-0479-1 , pp. 87-89.
- Roland Rölker, Werner Delbanco: Document book of the Börstel monastery . (= Osnabrück Document Book. 7). Self-published by the Association for History and Regional Studies of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 1996, ISBN 3-9803412-5-9 .
- Renate Oldermann-Meier : The collegiate church of Börstel after the Reformation. In: Yearbook of the Society for Church History in Lower Saxony. 96, 1998, ISSN 0072-4238 .
- Renate Oldermann-Meier: Studies on the history of Stift Börstel . Rasch-Verlag, Bramsche 1999, ISBN 3-910090-28-1 .
- Renate Oldermann: Evangelical women's monastery in Börstel. (= DKV art guide. 308). 6th, completely revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2005.
- Lothar Klimek : Evangelical women's monastery Börstel . German Art Publishing House, Berlin 2005.
- Renate Oldermann: Dominion over woods and meadows. The influence of aristocratic women from the Börstel monastery on the natural environment. In: Heike Düselder, Olga Weckenbrock, Siegrid Westphal (eds.) Aristocracy and the environment . Böhlau-Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20131-9 , pp. 131–158.
- Renate Oldermann: Sprouted from the trunk of the bears. Life and work of Abbess Lucretia Margarethe von Bar (1680–1707). In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Osnabrücker Land. 2009, pp. 233-248. ISSN 1618-5757
- Renate Oldermann: Stift Börstel, an Oldenburg family foundation. In: Osnabrücker Mitteilungen. 114, 2009, pp. 11-30. ISSN 0474-8158 .
- Renate Oldermann: A canons maid in the Thirty Years War. The life of the Westphalian noblewoman Lucretia von Haren (1605–1675). Böhlau-Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-412-21096-0 .
- Renate Oldermann : Praise to God and daily work. Real life and social structure of clergy women in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period using the example of the Börstel monastery. (= Osnabrück historical sources and research. 52). Osnabrück 2014, ISBN 978-3-9813796-4-8 .
- Renate Oldermann: The process of confessionalization, its consequences for the Börstel monastery and other monasteries and monasteries in the Osnabrück region. In: Susanne Tauss, Ulrich Winzer (Ed.): Live together? Reformation and denomination in the Prince Diocese of Osnabrück 1500 to 1700. Münster 2017, ISBN 978-3-8309-3600-8 , pp. 227–243.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of the monastery / monastery in general in Düring and Seegrün, s. literature
- ↑ Von Düring, Geschichte, Part I, p. 164.
- ↑ After Hunsche I p. 38.
- ↑ see literature, Grosse Boymann
- ↑ Renate Oldermann: Praise to God and daily work . Ed .: Association for History and Regional Studies Osnabrück. 2014.
- ^ Kulturportal Nordwest: Stift Börstel
- ↑ Text: Renate Oldermann: Gotteslob .
- ↑ Regional Church of Hanover: Britta Rook becomes the new abbess at Börstel Monastery . December 7, 2004.
- ^ Catholic women's community in Germany. Diocesan Association Osnabrück: Culture and Nature - Visit to Börstel Abbey
- ↑ Von Düring, Geschichte, Part I, p. 178.
- ↑ Regional Church of Hanover: sneakers under the monastery garb - four young women form the first youth convention in the Börstel women's monastery . May 11, 2011.
Coordinates: 52 ° 39 ′ 0 ″ N , 7 ° 41 ′ 38 ″ E