Steingasse (Salzburg)
The stone alley (before 1888: Internal Steingasse) in Salzburg on the Neustadt side connects the Platz close to the State bridge on the south side of the Kapuzinerberg , formerly called Imberg, with the Arenbergstraße (before 1888: outer stone lane) in the south. There is also the famous Arenberg Castle (before 1861: Bürglstein Castle). Joseph Mohr , the author of the song Silent Night, Holy Night , grew up in the house at Steingasse 31.
About the name
In Germanic languages stone means wall or hard rock. The rock of the Imberg is actually much harder than the conglomerate of the second inner city mountain, the Mönchsberg. The houses of Steingasse stood and still stand on this rock, directly behind the houses the rock of the Kapuzinerberg leads steeply upwards. Until recently, the houses were usually built directly onto the rock without a back wall; after heavy rain, the water ran through the back rooms down to Steingasse. The steep and high cliff directly above the row of houses was part of the medieval and early modern defensive ring of the city and was last scarred by Lodrons during the reign of Paris .
history
Steingasse is an ancient road that was already part of the old Roman road and via Glasa (today Glas), Albina ( Oberalm ), Cucculis ( Kuchl ), via Tauern and Katschberg to the town of Teurnia near Spittal an der Drau (Upper Carinthia) and then to Aquileia led.
In the past, Steingasse was often silted up by floods of the Salzach, so that it did not have a good reputation as a road. Many travelers coming from the south therefore preferred the detour around the Kapuzinerberg in order to get into the city via Linzer Gasse .
Steingasse and its craftsmen
In its long history, the Steingasse was primarily the home and work place of various simple craftsmen, with the white tanners , stoners and linen weavers being particularly noteworthy. Remarkably, Mozart's first violin was made by violin maker Andreas Ferdinand Mayr, who had his workshop in the violin maker's house (Steingasse 25).
The Weißgerber (formerly Ircher)
The tanners, leather producers, could hardly go about their work in the city because of the stronger smell of leather work and the incidental use of glue production from bones. In the suburb of Stein they could work in the fresh air corridor of the Salzach. There was also enough water here for handicrafts. Today u. a. the name of the closest Lederergässchen at the former Lederertor. The arcade arches on the Salzach side and airy attics once served as drying rooms for the finished leather. These arcades have been partially preserved. White tanners once lived in the houses on the Salzach side of Steingasse 22, 26, 32, 38 and 40 for many generations.
The Hafner
Since the Middle Ages, the stove makers have also been based in Steingasse. The first hill on Steingasse outside the inner stone gate was previously known as Hafnerbühel. The Strobl family and Thomas Obermiller were important stoners in Salzburg. The house at Steingasse 67, used for at least 300 years as the house of the Hafner, was primarily the living and working house of the Strobl family, while the house at Steingasse 28 was the Hofhafnerhaus. Houses 63 and 69 were also potter houses.
In the 16th century, Salzburg was the center of the production of artistic tiled stoves in the entire Roman-German Empire. Many old models in the Stroblhaus were later used as building material and instead of bricks they were indiscriminately built into the house wall. It is thanks to Ernst Langthaler that these hidden artistic models could be carefully removed from the masonry after 1960.
The linen weaver (parchanter)
The linen weavers also had their work and living quarters, especially in Steingasse. The houses at Steingasse 35 (Kahsbacher-Weberhaus), 61 and 65 are particularly reminiscent of this guild.
Notable buildings
The (inner) stone gate
The gate used to be called Johannestor or Judentor. (After the second expulsion, until the third expulsion in 1496, most of the Jews settled in the immediate vicinity of the gate). It was dedicated to Saint John the Evangelist.
The forerunner of today's stone gate was built in 1444 by the citizens and renewed in 1470, but a gate tower stood here as early as the 12th century. The Paris Lodron building was built in 1634 by Santino Solari . The wooden bridge, including the drawbridge, originally leading to the gate tower was replaced by a stone structure around 1900, and the old moat was largely filled in.
The former Engelwirtshaus (today "Das Kino")
The house Steingasse 14 has been documented at least since 1469 and emerged from the former old tavern and bath house "Zum golden Engel", which had been run as an inn for centuries. The bridgehead of the city bridge was located here at least from 1316 to 1598, which was then relocated to its current location under Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau . Opposite this house stood the Engelwirtsbrunnen (see below), which is how it got its current name. In the middle of the 20th century this inn was converted into a cinema. At first the "Lichtspieltheater Gloria" was located here, which was then called "Lifka-Tonkino", today the "Film Culture Center Das Kino".
The former outer stone gate
The outer stone gate, called Bürglstein gate or "Klause zu Pyrglen", was built by the citizens in 1477 under Archbishop Bernhard von Rohr . Before that, there was a simple goalkeeper hat at least since 1419. The Outer Steintor was regularly flooded even with moderate floods. It was demolished in 1832 due to its disrepair.
The Engelwirtsbrunnen
Johann Ernst von Thun had a new fountain built in 1696 at the old St. Andreas Church in Linzer Gasse, which then moved to the Engelwirt in 1751 until it was increasingly in the way of traffic and was therefore relocated to its current location in 1890 . The fountain was created by the sculptor Andreas Götzinger .
Steingasse today
Today there are only a few shops left in this alley, the wide Imbergstrasse has long since replaced the very narrow Steingasse as the main artery.
The Weinkamer company and the Lanz traditional costume shop still have properties there today. At the beginning of Steingasse there is the movie theater "Das Kino" and the "Hotel Stein" with the "Steinterrasse", which emerged from the "Bräu am Stein". Today the houses in the alley are mainly used as residential buildings. There are some old restaurants there, including the "Andreas Hofer Weinstube".
Web links
literature
- Friedrich Breitinger / Kurt Weinkamer / Gerda Dohle: craftsmen, brewers, landlords and traders. Salzburg's commercial economy in Mozart's time. Edited by the Franz Triendl Foundation of the Salzburg Chamber of Commerce and the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , at the same time: Communications from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, 27th supplementary volume, Salzburg 2009.
- Rudolph Klehr: The Steingasse, stories and history about a Salzburg alley. Series of publications by the Salzburg City Association, Salzburg without year (1995?).
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 .
- FW Zillner: History of the City of Salzburg. Special volumes of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, Salzburg 1885.
References and comments
- ↑ Friedrich Breitingerstrasse / Kurt Weinkamer / Gerda Dohle: artisans, brewers, farmers and traders . Salzburg's commercial economy during Mozart's time, Salzburg 2009, p. 242.
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 4 ″ N , 13 ° 2 ′ 50 ″ E