Glockengasse synagogue
The Glockengasse synagogue was a synagogue in the city of Cologne that was built according to plans by the cathedral builder Ernst Friedrich Zwirner . It was built on the site of the former monastery at Glockengasse No. 5-7. The entire costs were borne by Abraham Freiherr von Oppenheim . The foundation stone was laid on June 30, 1857. The synagogue was inaugurated on August 29, 1861.
In 1867 the synagogue burned down and was reconstructed according to old plans. Like other Cologne synagogues, it was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 . Today a bronze plaque on the facade of the opera house on the edge of Offenbachplatz reminds of the former location of the synagogue.
architecture
Layout
It was the earliest example of a central building over a Greek cross that was domed . The four cross arms of the synagogue in Glockengasse had the same dimensions as in Byzantine buildings. By connecting the cross shape with a square , gusset spaces developed at the corners . The northern gusset rooms on the facade side of the synagogue served as stairwells for the women's galleries.
The floor plan of the Cologne synagogue shows that the dome was inscribed in the middle square, with the bima in the middle of the square .
The central position of the Bima in the architecture demonstrated that the community was still sticking to the old ideas, whereas the Cologne synagogue on Roonstraße shows a new room layout that was developed on the basis of the reform concept.
A lower section of the vestibule with five rooms was built in front of the square structure facing the street. The five rooms served as access to the stairwells for the women's galleries, as an entrance portal for the men to the main synagogue and as an apartment for the synagogue servant .
Exterior architecture
A higher projecting central projection was flanked on both sides with side wings and had a crenellated crown as the top . Zwirner used four small, minaret-like domed turrets as attachments above the cornice , in contrast to the synagogue of the IKG in Tempelgasse 3 in Vienna , whose turrets are crowned by pillar- like pillars . The rose window of the large window on the facade has a Gothic influence. Above the crossing was a drum dome with a high, windowed drum . This ended with a lantern and an onion dome.
Interior design
As already mentioned, the synagogue was a central structure over a Greek cross that was domed. The four equally long, Byzantine cross arms of the synagogue in Glockengasse were all equipped with a barrel vault, with the framework, columns and arches made of cast iron. Apart from the east arm, the other three cross arms were equipped with two-storey women's galleries, while the Aron haKodesch was in the east cross arm, whereby the wall of the east cross arm and the four large arches that supported the dome were stuccoed by Josef Hartzheim in a diamond pattern and decorated with a motif of intertwined squares and painted in blue, red and gold by Friedrich Petri from Gießen . The stucco corresponded to the painted stucco of the Alhambra rooms.
The women's galleries were each supported by six columns, which had a very fine and graceful shape due to the iron construction, the gallery balustrade was decorated with stucco by Hartzheim and painted a gold tone by Petri.
The dome and the barrel vault were the only structures that were not provided with stucco. These were painted blue by Petri and covered with gold stars.
The Cologne sculptor Stephan created the Aaron haKodesch , using white Carrara marble and placing a horseshoe arch in the center of the shrine. In addition, Stephan used the capitals from the Alhambra and the minaret-like tower attachments with onion domes on the outer facade here with Aaron haKodesch. The water basin of the mikveh in the basement was also created by Stephan and was made of the same marble as the Aaron haKodesch.
See also
literature
- Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X . (Judaism and the Environment, 9).
To the Cologne synagogue in Glockengasse p. 123, 156, 186, 265, 283, p. 284, 296, 297, 298, 302, 303, 311, 312, 324, 348, 350, 365, 385, 397, 498.
Web links
- 3D model: virtual reconstruction of the historic Glockengasse synagogue in Cologne (and other former German synagogue buildings), TU Darmstadt
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 284.
- ^ A b Hannelore Künzl: Islamic stylistic elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 285.
- ↑ Photo in http://www.msacerdoti.it/coloniasinagoga.jpg
- ↑ a b c d e Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 287.
- ^ Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 286.
- ^ Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 288.
- ^ Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 289.
- ↑ a b c Hannelore Künzl: Islamic style elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 290.
- ^ A b Hannelore Künzl: Islamic stylistic elements in synagogue construction of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8034-X , p. 291.
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 '17.7 " N , 6 ° 57' 10.1" E