Amouda
| Amouda | ||
|---|---|---|
 Amouda from the south |
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| Alternative name (s): | Amuda, Amutay, Hemite Kalesi | |
| Creation time : | before 1145 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Gökçedam | |
| Geographical location | 37 ° 11 '19 " N , 36 ° 5' 40" E | |
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Amouda (also Amuda, Amutay, now Turkish Hemite Kalesi ) is a small Armenian castle ruin in the village of Gökçedam (formerly Hemite ) in the central district of the Turkish province of Osmaniye .
Geographical location
The castle Amouda lies in the east of the town Gökçedam on a rocky cone that rises about 40 meters from the plane, about 300 meters northwest of the River Ceyhan . The area belonged to the flat Cilicia . At this point in the Çukurova plain, the roads leading from the north via the Antitaurus to Syria crossed those that connected Cilicia with eastern Anatolia in ancient times. The importance of this intersection is also shown by the nearby Hittite rock relief on the banks of the Ceyhan.
history
The builders of the fortress are not known. It was conquered in 1145 by Thoros II , ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. In 1211/12 Leo II transferred the castle to the Teutonic Order on the occasion of a visit by Hermann von Salza , which expanded it further. In 1266 Amouda was conquered and sacked by the Mamluks under Sultan Baibars I.
literature
- Friedrich Hild, Hansgerd Hellenkemper: Kilikien and Isaurien. (= Tabula Imperii Byzantini Volume 5). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7001-1811-2 , pp. 176–177.
- Hansgerd Hellenkemper: Crusader castles in the county of Edessa and in the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia. (= Geographica Historica 1 ) Habelt, Bonn 1976, ISBN 3-7749-1205-X , pp. 123-131
- Kristian Molin: Unknown crusader castles. Hambledon and London, New York NY et al. 2001, ISBN 1-85285-261-5 , GoogleBooks .
Web links
- Forteresses d'Orient - Amuda (French)
- Amuda Castle
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Sarnowsky : The German Order (= Beck'sche series 2428 CH Beck knowledge ). CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-53628-1 , p. 25, at GoogleBooks .