Anania terrealis

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Anania terrealis
Anania terrealis

Anania terrealis

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Pyraustinae
Genre : Anania
Type : Anania terrealis
Scientific name
Anania terrealis
( Treitschke , 1829)

Anania Terrealis (syn. Algedonia terrealis ) is a ( small ) butterfly from the family of Crambidae .

features

The wingspan of the moth is about 24 to 28 mm (or the fore wing length 11 to 13 mm). The head and thorax are brown-gray. The basic color of the wings varies only slightly from light brown, red-brown to brown-gray. The fringing area is often significantly darker in light specimens. The hem line or a slightly wider area within the hem line is almost always drawn darker than the basic color. The fore wing has two, often indistinct, darker transverse lines. The outer strongly jagged transverse line is strongly bulged out in the middle and jumps back more on the inner wing edge (or rear) than on the Kostal edge. The often more indistinct inner transverse line, however, is only slightly curved. Between the two transverse lines there is a transverse vein close to the costal margin. The outer transverse line is often lined with light, either partially or in spots. The apex of the fore wing is pointed. The hind wing only shows a jagged transverse line, which can also be very indistinct in some specimens. As with the forewing, the edge area is sometimes darker than the basic color. The significantly lighter, often even whitish fringes are striking.

The caterpillar is variable in color, the color palette ranges from yellowish white to bluish green and rose red. It has a relatively small, light yellowish brown head. This has somewhat darker, mostly brown to dark brown spots. The wide back stripe and the thin side stripes are darker than the basic color. Younger caterpillars are quite slender, while older caterpillars are a bit stocky.

The pupa is relatively long (9.0-10.5 × 2.4-2.7 mm), slender and red-brown in color. The medium-length Kremaster is slightly tapered and bluntly cut off at the end, angular in plan view and flattened dorsoventrally. Laterally, it shows a dark-lined longitudinal pit at the base. It has medium-length, hook-like bristles.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is distributed throughout Central and Northern Europe. It also occurs locally in southern Europe, on the Apennine Peninsula as far as Sicily. But it is missing on the Mediterranean islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Crete. It has not yet been proven from the rest of Greece either. In the British Isles the species occurs to southern Scotland. In Scandinavia the distribution area extends to Finnish Lapland. In the east it stretches across Siberia to the Russian Far East, China and Japan. It has also been found in Asia Minor and the Caucasus region. Reliable evidence even comes from Ladakh (India). In contrast, evidence of the species in Sichuan (China) has remained unconfirmed.

In Europe the species prefers to live in fresh locations such as B. Forest edges, forest clearings and backs. In the Alps it rises up to 2000 m. The species is found in Ladakh at an altitude of 3800 m. On the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, it is limited to higher altitudes from around 1350 m (proven up to 2350 m).

Way of life

In climatically favorable regions, Anania terrealis forms two overlapping generations per year, whose moths fly from May to August. Apparently only one generation is formed in England, the moths of which fly in June and July. The moths are crepuscular and come to artificial light sources at night. They rest in the vegetation during the day, but can easily be roused. The caterpillars can be found from July to May of the following year. They feed mainly on the common goldenrod ( Solidago virgaurea ), where the caterpillars prefer to feed on the leaves or the flowers. Hannemann also mentions mountain aster ( Aster amellus ) and alpine aster ( Bellidiastrum mitchelii ) as a host plant. They live in a tube-like web that they attach to the stems or the underside of the leaves of their food plants. They overwinter and pupate in this web in May of the following year.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was scientifically described for the first time in 1829 by Georg Friedrich Treitschke under the binomial Botys terrealis . The holotype comes from a locality in " Dalmatia " which is not further specified . The species is also found in the literature in the combinations Mutuuraia terrealis , Eurrhypara (Algedonia) terrealis and Algedonia terrealis .

It is the type species of the genus Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976. The genera Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976, Eurrhypara Huebner, 1825 and Algedonia Lederer, 1863, are now considered to be synonyms of the genus Anania Huebner, 1823 , along with numerous other genera .

Speidel and Hanigk (1990) divide the species into two subspecies:

  • Anania terrealis terrealis (Treitschke, 1829), in most of the distribution area with the exception of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa and
  • Anania terrealis reisseri (Zerny, 1932), Iberian Peninsula and Xauen-Izilan , Rif Mountains , Morocco

swell

Individual evidence

  1. Jump up ↑ The Moths of Suffolk - Algedonia terrealis (Treitschke, 1829)
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hannemann (1964: p. 342, 344)
  3. ↑ Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. In: Linz biological contributions. 33/1, 2001, pp. 347-405 ( PDF (3 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
  4. ↑ a b Speidel & Hanigk (1990: pp. 265–9)
  5. ↑ a b c d UK moths website by Ian Kimber
  6. ↑ a b c Slamka (1997: p. 23)
  7. ^ Friedrich Treitschke: The butterflies of Europe (continuation of the Ochsenheimer work). Seventh volume, Leipzig, Gerhard Fleischer 1829. Online at archive.org (description p. 110/1)
  8. ↑ Patrice JA Leraut: Contribution à l'étude de quelques genres et espèces de Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 22 (2): 123-139, Paris 2005.
  9. ↑ Fauna Europaea

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The curlers (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1964
  • Frantisek Slamka: The Common Moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: Determination - Distribution - Flight area - Way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition, Bratislava 1997, ISBN 8-096-75402-5
  • Wolfgang Speidel and Hanigk: Revision of the Palearctic species of the genus Algedonia (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). Bonn Zoological Contributions, 41 (3/4): 259–275, Bonn 1990 PDF
  • Andreas Tränkner, Houhun Li and Matthias Nuss: On the systematics of Anania Hübner, 1823 (Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Pyraustinae). Nota lepidopterologica. 32 (1): 63-80, 2009 PDF

Web links

Commons : Algedonia terrealis  - collection of images, videos and audio files