Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Systematics
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Alphaproteobacteria
Order : Rickettsiales
Family : Anaplasmataceae
Genre : Anaplasm
Type : Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Scientific name
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
(Foggie 1949) Dumler et al. 2001

In Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterium that by ticks can be transmitted, and in humans a febrile illness that human granulocytic anaplasmosis caused. Animals such as dogs ( canine anaplasmosis ), cats, horses and ruminants can also be infected.

Nomenclature and history

Based on genetic analyzes, the earlier species Ehrlichia phagocytophilum , Ehrlichia equi and the HGE agent were combined to form the new species Anaplasma phagocytophilum . Initially, the species was mistakenly named Anaplasma phagocytophila . The disease caused is therefore no longer referred to as human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE), but as human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

The pathogen has been known in veterinary medicine since 1932; the first human infection was reported in 1990 or 1994.

Way of life

The gram-negative bacterium lives obligate intracellularly in granulocytes , where it multiplies in cytoplasmic vacuoles. After infection, characteristic 2–5 µm large inclusions can be seen under the microscope, which are known as morulae because of their similarity to mulberries .

transmission

The transmission to humans and animals occurs through tick bites: The most common carrier in Europe is the wood tick ( Ixodes ricinus ), in North America mainly Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus . Protection against ticks is therefore also infection prophylaxis.

literature

  • FD von Loewenich et al .: Ehrlichiosis - The unknown tick disease . The family doctor 10/01. Pp. 39-41.
  • FD von Loewenich et al .: A Case of Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Provides Molecular Evidence for the Presence of Pathogenic Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Germany . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis (2003) 22. pp. 303-305.
  • G. Walder et al .: "Human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Austria: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings in five consecutive patients from Tyrol, Austria". Int J Med Microbiol. 2006 May; 296 Suppl 40: 297-301.
  • G. Walder et al .: "First documented case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Austria". Vienna Clin Wochenschr. 2003 Apr 30; 115 (7-8): 263-6.

swell

  1. ^ Ohashi N et al .: Anaplasma phagocytophilum - infected ticks, Japan . Emerg Infect Dis (CDC) (2005) online , accessed May 8, 2007.
  2. ↑ Dumler JS et al .: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum . Medscape.com (2005) online , accessed May 8, 2007.

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