Andean music
As Andean music to certain designated music styles of the Andean countries in the northwest of South America, especially those of Bolivia , Peru and Ecuador , which have a common traditional heritage.
history
In pre-Columbian times, various dances and forms of music based on the so-called overtone harmonics developed in the Andean region . This means that instead of the dominant scale in Western music, the overtone series formed the basis of the melodies. The instruments of this time were exclusively wind and percussion instruments.
With the arrival of the Spaniards, these styles mixed with the music and harmony forms typical of Europe. The music integrated stringed instruments such as the charango (a small mandolin shape ) and the guitar . Nevertheless, remnants of the overtone harmonics remained in the music, as did the dominance of wind instruments, especially the various flutes and panpipes ( siku ).
Dances and rhythms
- Carnavalito : Fast dance in 3/8 time, originally from the lowlands of Bolivia, which is very popular in the folklore of the Andean countries.
- Saya : Relatively fast dance that is performed in a mixed form between 4/4 and 12/8 time and therefore sounds very funky.
- Huayno : Popular dance in 2/4 time. Also called Huayño or Wayño, especially in the Lake Titicaca area and Bolivia.
- there are a number of other rhythms, e.g. B. Chuntunqui, Cueca, Kantu, Morenada, Sicuri, Tonada, Tinku, Yaravi
The Bolivian group Ruphay , which was founded in 1968 and plays panpipes, guitars and drums, is internationally known .
Musical instruments
- Siku or Zampoña: a panpipe of which there are different sizes.
- Quena : a notch flute made of wood or bamboo with a special blowing technique.
- Charango : Small, mandolin-like string instrument, the body of which is made from the shell of an armadillo (or wood).
- Bombo : big drum, covered with sheep or goat skin.
- Chullus: String rattle made of several goat claws tied together.
- Caña : a wind instrument the size of an alphorn , made of natural reed and a pig's tail to form the exit.