Huaino

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Huaino in Paucartambo in the Pasco region , Peru. People dance to Huaino La Flor de Picahuay , played on saxophone, traditional harp and violin.

In Peru as Huaino or Huayno , in Bolivia as Huaiño or Huayño , a traditional dance of the central and southern Andes of Peru and Bolivia and the music that goes with it are called. In Quechua the dance is called Waynu (in Peru) or Wayñu (in Bolivia).

features

Huayno is played in binary two-four time and is characterized in a traditional form by the alternation of a quarter note with two eighth notes. The melodies are traditionally pentatonic , but there are diatonic ( major and minor ) areas in areas with a stronger Spanish influence . The harmonies consist of an alternation of major and minor. The singing voice can be accompanied by a number of different instruments, such as quena , panpipes , harp , violin , guitar , charango , mandolin , lute , accordion or saxophone . Singing is done in pairs, traditionally in Quechua or Aymara , in Hispanic areas in Spanish or very often in both languages. The pairs of verses are repeated and often slightly varied in the text.

dance

The Huayno is traditionally danced in a circle, with men and women holding hands, but in the Cusco region, for example, the couples dance in a circle around the musicians.

history

Even if the origins of the huayno are obscure, it has been handed down since the beginning of colonial times and probably goes back to the Cachua dance of the Inca period . José María Arguedas advocated the production of music albums with Huaynos and worked with musician friends, including the Charango player Jaime Guardia and the violinist Máximo Damián Huamaní from the Ayacucho region , who performed the Huaino in the traditional Ayacucho style. However, the genre quickly spread to the commercial music industry in the Andean region and worldwide. In the 1950s it was in particular Pastorcita Huaracina and Jilguero del Huascarán from Ancash as well as Picaflor de los Andes and Flor Pucarina from the Junín region , a little later Duo Hermanos García Zarate ( Felipe Nery García Zárate and Raúl García Zárate ) and Trío Ayacucho ( Carlos Falconí Aramburú , Ernesto Camassi Pizarro , Amílcar Gamarra Altamirano ) from the Ayacucho region, where the huaino is traditionally played with harp and violin , while Manuelcha Prado interprets numerous huainos on guitar .

Modern interpretations

Inti-Illimani from Chile as well as Atahualpa Yupanqui and Mercedes Sosa from Argentina incorporated elements of the Huayno into their program.

literature

  • Harry Tschopik Jr .: Music of Peru . Folkway Ethnic Library Album No. FE 4415, 1949/1961, Folkways Records & Service Copr., New York City
  • Joshua Tucker: Gentleman Troubadours and Andean Pop Stars: Huayno Music, Media Work, and Ethnic Imaginaries in Urban Peru . University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2013.
  • Claude Ferrier: El huayno con arpa: Estilos globales en la nueva música popular andina . Institut français d'études andines & Instituto de Etnomusicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 2010.
  • Elizabeth Gackstetter Nichols Ph.D., Timothy R. Robbins Ph.D .: Pop Culture in Latin America and the Caribbean . ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara (California) 2015. pp. 21-23.
  • María Armacanqui, Elia Armacanqui Tipacti, Numa Armacanqui (traducido al quechua por Rosalio Astohuamán Armacanqui): Kachikachicha tukullaspaymi. Pucra-kichwa qaltumanta qawachikuq wayñukuna / Creyendo ser una libélula. Muestra del wayñu pocra quechua andino . SPI, Lima 2009. Parallel texts in Spanish, Quechua and English, 113 pages and 1 audio CD.

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