Ruphay
| Ruphay - Los Rupay | |
|---|---|
 Los Rupay - Göttingen 1978 |
|
| General information | |
| origin | Bolivia |
| Genre (s) | World music , Bolivian folklore, traditional and contemporary music from the Andes |
| founding | 1968 |
| Website | www.Ruphay.de (German) and www.Ruphay.net (international) |
| Founding members | |
| Mario Porfirio Gutiérrez | |
| Agustín "Cacho" Mendieta | |
| Hery Cortez | |
| Omar Hoyos | |
| Coarse muños | |
| Current occupation | |
| Basilio Huarachi | |
| Ramiro Calderon | |
| Goyo Cespedes | |
| Piki Murillo | |
| Raul Chacon | |
| German Tintaya | |
| Christian Tintaya | |
| Marco Peña | |
| Rupprecht Weerth | |
Ruphay - also known as Los Rupay in Europe - is a Bolivian music group that was founded in 1968 by Aymara Mario Porfirio Gutiérrez in La Paz ( Bolivia ) and is still active worldwide today. Ruphay was the first group to bring the indigenous musical instruments and melodies in their unadulterated form to the stages of Bolivia and Latin America , and later to Europe. 17 albums to date are evidence of this.
history
Surname
Ruphay is a word from the indigenous Quechua language and means "sun rays" in German - pronounced Rup-hay. To prevent a wrong pronunciation, the group in Europe mostly called itself Los Rupay, Rupay or Rupaÿ; in Spanish-speaking countries also: Quinteto Ruphay, Quinteto Rhupay, Los Ruphay and Grupo Ruphay.
Early musical phase - 1968 to 1975
In addition to Mario Gutiérrez, the well-known Bolivian actor and comedian Agustín "Cacho" Mendieta, Hery Cortez, Omar Hoyos and Grober Muños were founding members.
In these first years her music was still a synthesis of Andean and Creole-Latin American music : the melodies and instruments were partly indigenous, partly Creole (with guitar ); the Spanish singing with a strong influence from Argentine folklore groups; the lyrics of the songs with strong reference to their indigenous roots from the start.
Everything indigenous was still strongly "frowned upon" in the cities and concert halls of the country at this time. With their music, the Ruphay made a significant contribution to the fact that this gradually changed and that today indigenous and indigenous music can be heard everywhere in the Andean countries - which led to a strengthening of indigenous self-confidence.
The first five long-playing records between 1969 and 1975 testified to this style of music, some of which were also released in other Latin American countries and Europe (e.g. by Philips ) with their own pressings and covers . In the year it was founded, the group won the ASBORA festival in La Paz. Long tours followed through Bolivia, Latin America and, from 1973, through Europe.
The Ruphay came to Europe with a partially new line-up: Mario Gutiérrez, Hery Cortez, Omar Hoyos, Basilio Huarachi and Ricardo Mendoza. The latter two had previously been founding members of the folklore group Los Chaskas, which is still known in Bolivia today. She also accompanied Lucho Cavour (brother of the well-known Charango player Ernesto Cavour), who was considered the best Quena player in Bolivia at this time. The Quena (also spelled Kena) is next to the various pan flutes (the Sikus ) the most famous indigenous flute from the Andes.
Important stations of the Ruphay in these years were z. B. Concerts at the Junge Theater Göttingen and the Theater am Hechtplatz in Zurich.
One of the first albums "Los Rupay - Folklore de Bolivia", which was released in Germany in 1974, is still distributed worldwide today.
Chamber music trio and quartet
Together with Lucho Cavour, Mario Gutiérrez created their own instrumental style of music in 1971 only for quena and guitar, which they called "Muyoj". Gutiérrez combined indigenous, baroque and contemporary musical elements in his compositions in the style of Muyoj in a chamber- musical manner . Later they expanded their duo with the Charango , a small guitar, to a trio, sometimes with a second Quena to a quartet. The charango was played by Basilio Huarachi, the second by Quena Ricardo Mendoza. In 1974 - after Lucho Cavour returned to Bolivia - Ricardo Mendoza took over the solo part in Quena. In the three-part concert program up to 1976, the middle section was always dedicated to this - rather calm - instrumental music.
Second musical phase - 1976 to 1985
From 1977 onwards, in a radical departure from Western-European-American influences, the group, as the only Andean music group at all, completely renounced the use of European musical instruments and began to sing exclusively in the indigenous languages Quechua and Aymara .
In 1976 a kind of "turning album" was released, almost with the old line-up (in France), which still had some features of the old style and already many of the new style. "Los Rupay - Kollasuyu (Bolivia)". In addition to 2 new instrumental pieces in the style of Muyoj (Ukumanta and Tata Inti), in which a guitar can still be heard softly, and an older composition by Gutiérrez sung in Spanish (El Poncho de Pobre - The Poncho of Poverty), it is already exclusively instrumental Pieces and songs sung in Quechua or Aymara with the various flutes and drums. Instead of Ricardo Mendoza, Goyo Cespedes, who had previously played in Bolivia in the well-known group Los Payas, played the Quena.
“Jacha Uru” - “The big day” and its cultural and political significance
This album also features the first release of the song “Jacha Uru” - “The big day”, sung in Aymara and accompanied only by panpipes, drums and charangos, probably the best-known composition by Mario Gutiérrez. Over time, Jacha Uru became an indigenous anthem in the entire Andean region. The essence of the text is the hope of the big day on which the indigenous people will regain their self-determination and dignity:
“The big day,
let us meet in the same way,
It is coming!
All of our torments and sufferings;
When we become aware of them,
they will stop!
Men and women,
the big day is coming!
Men and women,
do not lose hope,
He is there. "
This song and its widespread use have contributed significantly to the fact that today in Bolivia belonging to an indigenous minority is no longer stigmatized as it was until the military dictatorships of the 1970s and 1980s. Not least because of this, the Aymara and Quechua as well as the other, smaller peoples are now recognized as being on an equal footing with the other white and black ethnicities living in Bolivia and the indigenous languages are taught in schools as a compulsory subject, so that finally in 2006 an indigenous, Evo Morales , President of Bolivia - in a country that nowadays describes itself as a "plurinational state". Especially in a country in which the majority of the population has little or no reading skills, music can be ascribed a special, identity-creating and strengthening importance.
There is hardly a well-known or less well-known Bolivian group that has not added the song Jacha Uru to their repertoire at some point. It has become so popular over the years that the term “Jacha Uru” in Bolivia has become a synonym for every kind of big / important event that one has waited for a long time.
A lesser known song on the album, pointing in a similar direction, is "Kespichiway" - "Our Freedom" sung in Quechua:
“ Wiraqucha
Pachamama
Free us!
We are your children,
show us the way!
Give our scream
more strength!
On the day when the sun of
Our people shines again,
we will sing and dance. "
With the repertoire of this album, Ruphay 1976 a. a. a concert at the Paris Olympia .
Ruphay became the inspiration for a whole generation of musicians and music groups, including the most famous Bolivian groups: Wara, Kala Marka, Savia Andina and Altiplano Fusion Band. Ruphay named the latter, a folk rock band, in 2014 alongside the Beatles and Jimi Hendrix as the greatest source of influence on style, as well as in 2013 the group Wara named them alongside Deep Purple , Uriah Heep and Santana . In 1989 Savia Andina named an entire album “Jacha Uru”. In 2009 Kala Marka played Jacha Uru in a concert with a large French choir and orchestra.
After the release of the next album with a similar repertoire in Bolivia, Omar Hoyos and Hery Cortez and Goyo Cespedes left the group soon after. Both then founded their own groups in Germany: Cortez the Ukamau group and Cespedes the Inti Mujus group.
Ramiro Calderon, who had previously played for a long time as a pan flute soloist in Bolivia with the Bolivian Charango player, Ernesto Cavour, who is probably still the most famous Bolivian player, was the first of a new generation of musicians who have since played with Ruphay and some of whom still play today. Alongside Calderon, Piki Murillo is one of those musicians who, with a few interruptions, is still a member of Ruphay today.
Exclusively Indian texts and musical instruments
The first record of the new generation, with exclusively Indian musical instruments (flutes, drums and charangos), appeared in 1978 in France with the title “Sacré, les Andes” - “Holy Andes”. The song "Llaqui" - "Sadness" by Mario Gutiérrez sung in Aymara should be mentioned here as an example:
"The little girl is crying
Weeps sad
The parents had to go to town.
Little one don't cry!Your parents will come back tomorrow
And we are all happy.
Little one, let's talk to the heartDon't we need to talk
Just have to know how to love. "
In 1979 Ricardo Mendoza returned to Ruphay and an intensive - and still ongoing - collaboration began with the Bolivian Quechua singer Luzmila Carpio , who later became Bolivian ambassador in Paris for four years from 2006 onwards. A joint record released in Bolivia in 1982 attests to this. Ruphay dealt strongly with the ideas of the Quechua writer Fausto Reinaga and took care of the translation of one of his main works from 1974 "America India y el Occidente" - "America India and the Occident", which was then published in France in 1979 and in Germany in 1980 appeared.
From then on, numerous tours in Europe and Bolivia followed until 1985, as well as several other records, whereby the Ruphay's repertoire became more and more original and probably also took some getting used to for the European ears of the time. Other members of this period who founded their own groups after their experiences with Ruphay were Felix Cerezo (later Jilata) and Raul Uriarte (later Kollasuyo Ñan), Lucio Melendres (later Arumthaya)
Tour of Germany with production of two musical theaters
In 1984 and 1985 the Ruphay undertook two long tours in Germany with over 100 concerts with Luzmila Carpio, Rupprecht Weerth, a long-time Quena student of Gutiérrez and his group Wayra Kuna. a. In 1984 they played a one-hour concert live in the WDR series “Matinee der Liedersänger” and at the Berlin University of the Arts . In collaboration with the Bethel Theater Workshop in Bielefeld , they also staged two musical theaters written by Gutiérrez: “A Night in the Museum” and “The Dream with the Cactus”. Luis Ernesto Gutiérrez, the brother of Mario Gutiérrez, also took part in both years.
Together with the boys choir Albachten and the group Wayra Kuna they recorded the 15th Ruphay album “Wiñay Marka” - “Ewiges Volk”. The complete sheet music edition with a 30-page introductory text was also published for this album by Eres, a school book publisher: “Encounter with worldview, life and music of the Aymara and Quechua in the Bolivian Andes”. This album is also the last that was created under the direction and participation of Mario Gutiérrez.
Mario Gutiérrez retires
At the end of this tour, Mario Gutiérrez largely withdrew from the public. With Ruphay he only gave a few concerts. He accompanied Luzmila Carpio on her tours and wrote his book “El huérfano cósmico” - “The cosmic orphan boy”, which is now available in four languages.
He also composed for the trio Aka Pacha. With Aka Pacha he continued the work of contemporary music in the style of muyoj that he had begun with Lucho Cavour in the 1970s. This time, in addition to the Quena flute (played by Rupprecht Weerth) and guitar (played by himself), the cello (played by Hannes Trittler) as a third instrument - for an encounter between the indigenous music of the Andean highlands and European baroque music.
In October 1994, a week after a concert with Aka Pacha, Mario Gutiérrez died in Antwerp at the age of only 49. (Aka Pacha then published his late work, the composition "Quimsa Pachanaca" - "The Three Seasons", on CD in 2000.)
Third musical phase - 1995 to today
1995 - a year later, Basilio Huarachi took over the direction of Ruphay and, together with Luzmila Carpio, organized a large tribute concert in the Victoria Hall in Geneva.
From then on, Ruphay did not do any major tours, but gave a few selected concerts in France, Switzerland and Bolivia every year. The guitar gradually returned to the program. The Bolivian guitar soloist and composer Willy Claure became a member; Ramiro Calderon, Goyo Cespedes and Piki Murillo also join them again; also Raul Chacon, who u. a. had played with the famous Los Jairas; and a little later the brothers German and Christian Tintaya, who have their own group Llapaku in France.
In 2003 the album Kimsa Pachanaka was released , which presented Gutiérrez's last half-hour composition in a version exclusively for Andean instruments and guitar, and in 2008 the so far last Ruphay album Musique et Tradition des Andes 1968 - 2008 , the 15 newly recorded tracks from the 40-year history the ruphay contains.
2010 Concert as part of the UNESCO culture week “Bolivia, the voice of diversity” in Paris.
2011 concert in New Jersey City (USA) for the award ceremony of the “Premios Aruma”.
2012 Concert at the Latin America Festival “Lannemezan” in Pyrénées (France). The guitarist and composer Marco Peña, leader of the group Punto Nazca, replaces Willy Claure.
2013 Concert in Cruseilles, Haute-Savoie (France) with the program “From the Alps to the Andes” accompanied by the “Harmonie Cruseilles-Le Châble” orchestra.
2014 Concert with Luzmila Carpio at the commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the death of Mario Gutiérrez in Antwerp, followed by a half-hour television documentary.
Heritage and Mission
On the German homepage it says:
“In addition to enjoying good music, RUPHAY is essentially about self-determination and freedom of the Indian peoples on the basis of their own cultural identity, shaped above all by an ecological, natural view of the world and an image of man with values such as respect, mutual help and willingness to share the focus. They would like to pass this cultural identity on to the younger generation in their own country and also make it tangible in the western world through their music.
RUPHAY want to be a bridge between cultures as rays of sunshine. They see themselves as professional and ideal, but not commercial musicians and ambassadors for a better world. RUPHAY would like ... to keep the rich heritage of MARIO alive, to carry it on and to develop it carefully. "
Current members
Basilio Huarachi, Ramiro Calderon, Piki Murillo, Goyo Cespedes, Raul Chacon, German Tintaya, Christian Tintaya, Marco Peña and Rupprecht Weerth.
former members
Agustín "Cacho" Mendieta, Hery Cortez, Omar Hoyos, Grober Muños, Jaime Bellido, Ricardo Mendoza, Guido Lopez, Kruzzio Sanjines, Anselmo Portugal, Felix Cerezo, Raul Uriarte, Pedro Andrade, Leopoldo de la Parra, Lucio Melendres, Helberto Melendres, Edwin Ramos, Gustavo Salazar, Nicolas Jora, Manuel Luna, Luis Ernesto Gutiérrez, Pedro Conde, Lucio Bustillos, Joel Flores Carpio, Willy Claure
Discography
- Studio albums
- 1969: Folk Music of Bolivia (Bolivia)
- 1969: Embrujo Andino (Bolivia)
- 1972: Nosotros: El Quinteto Ruphay (Bolivia)
- 1974: Folklore de Bolivia (Germany)
- 1975: Los Rupay (Germany)
- 1976: Kollasuyu - Bolivie (France)
- 1977: Los Ruphay (Bolivia)
- 1978: Sacré, les Andes (France)
- 1979: Flûte indienne: Sacré, les Andes (Belgium)
- 1981: Kollasuyo - Bolivia (Bolivia)
- 1982: Jach'a Marka (Bolivia)
- 1982: Jacañataqui (Bolivia, with Luzmila Carpio)
- 1984: Holy Andes (Germany)
- 1985: Kollasuyo - Bolivia: Live 1984 (Germany)
- 1986: Wiñyay Marka - Ewiges Volk - Eternal People (Germany, together with Wayra Kuna)
- 2003: Kimsa Pachanaka - Les Trois Saisons des Andes (France)
- 2008: Musique et Tradition des Andes: 1968–2008 (France)
- 2018: A Cry for Revolution - 50 Years of los Ruphay (Germany)
- Compilations
- 1990: Ruphay & Luzmila Carpio: Kay Jina Llajtayqa - Jacañataqui (Bolivia)
- 1995: Ruphay: De Colección (Bolivia)
literature
- Rupprecht Weerth: Wiñyay Marka - Eternal People. "Encounter with the worldview, life and music of the Aymara and Quechua Indians in the Bolivian Andes". Eres Edition, Lilienthal / Bremen 1988, ISBN 3-87204-549-0 .
Web links
- Official German website: www.Ruphay.de
- Official international website: www.Ruphay.net
- Ruphay blog (spanish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edgardo Civallero and Sara Plaza: Mario Porfirio Gutierrez. In: Land of Winds , Issue 09 (Mar.-Apr. 2012) - Music of the Aymara communities of Bolivia , accessed April 30, 2015.
- ^ Waldo Pinto O .: Los Ruphay triunfan en escenarios de Europa . In the daily newspaper: Hoy, Suplemento folklorico . La Paz, July 5, 1974, pp. 4-5
- ↑ Agustín Mendieta. In: aldea cultural - cine video teatro , accessed April 30, 2015.
- ^ Marco Antonio Quiros: Homenaje a Mario Gutiérrez. In: Centro de Medios Independientes Sucre , June 11, 2004, accessed on April 30, 2015. ( Memento of the original of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ From the program: Ruphay - Heilige Anden, on the Germany tour 1984.
- ^ Eduardo Schwartzberg: El sentimiento como base del Estado-Nación. In: La Razón (Edición Impresa) , December 7, 2014, accessed on April 30, 2015. ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Carlos Alberto Tudela Ocampo: Un 'Jach'a Uru' más. In: La Razón (Edición Impresa) , April 18, 2015, accessed April 30, 2015.
- ^ From the program: Ruphay - Heilige Anden, on the Germany tour 1984.
- ↑ Redacción Cultura: Altiplano Fusión band y Khonlaya. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Los Tiempos , November 8, 2014, accessed April 30, 2015.
- ↑ Aleja Cuevas: Wara festja sus 40 con Quimsa Qallqo. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: laprensa.com.bo , April 2, 2013, accessed April 30, 2015.
- ↑ Details on the album Jacha Uru by Savia Andina . From: pacoweb.net , accessed April 30, 2015
- ↑ Jesus Hubert: Celebrando "el gran dia" ("Uka Jacha Uru") - Grupo Kalamarka en Francia. In: La vida es ¡Ahora !, May 31, 2010, accessed April 30, 2015
- ↑ Homepage of Ramiro Calderon
- ^ From the program: Ruphay - Heilige Anden, on the Germany tour 1984.
- ^ Esteban Ticona Alejo: La querella intelectual del quechuaymara Fausto Reinaga contra Fernando Diez de Medina. In: De Raíz Diversa, Vol. 1, No. 1, April-September 2014, p. 172.
- ↑ “In the beginning was the sound” - quotations from the book “The Cosmic Orphan Boy” by Mario Gutierrez: En el principio estaba el sonido. In: Amigos de la Hoja de Coca, November 22, 2014, accessed on April 30, 2015. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Walter Lotens: Over Pachamama en een cosmic wees. In: Uitpers Webzine voor Internationale Politiek , No. 143, accessed April 30, 2015.
- ^ Homepage of the Aka Pacha group
- ↑ Personal communications from a previously unpublished interview with Rupprecht Weerth on April 28, 2015.
- ↑ Detailed information on the concert “Des Alpes aux Andes 2013” with music examples. In: Musique et découverte , accessed April 30, 2015.
- ↑ Marco Antonio Quirós: Mario P. Gutiérrez - ¡Ya son veinte años! In: Amigos de la Hoja de Coca , October 29, 2014, accessed on April 30, 2015. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Video: Homage to Mario Gutiérrez, accessed on April 30, 2015.
- ↑ RUPHAY - The "sun rays" from the Andes: Official German homepage, accessed on April 30, 2015.
- ↑ All Ruphay albums with cover images and other information
