Latin American music

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Latin American music is a collective term for the dances, rhythms, and styles of music as played in Latin American countries. The music forms that are commonly associated with the music from Cuba are usually regarded as typical of the style : a mixture of Spanish melodic and African rhythmic influences.

Nevertheless, there are also Latin American countries in which other influences have determined traditional music, for example in the music of the Andes ( Bolivia , Peru ), in which pre-Columbian stylistic elements such as overtone harmonics and pentatonic scales also occur. Another example is the Bossa Nova from Brazil with style elements of jazz and the Argentine Cuarteto and Chamamé with Alpine, Italian and Eastern European elements.

Classification

Latin American music can be divided into the following subgroups, some of which differ greatly from one another.

Traditional styles

These styles developed as early as the 18th and 19th centuries and mostly originated in rural areas.

Urban styles of music

These styles did not develop until the 20th century, partly from traditional styles, partly as mixed forms with other musical styles in the big cities of Latin America:

Political song

By combining traditional folk music with newer socially critical elements, the Nueva canción emerged, first in Chile and later in other countries , which in the 1960s and 1970s became a movement that spanned the entire subcontinent.

Mixed forms with other styles of music

Most of them originated in the middle of the 20th century, but some also outside of Latin America.

  • Salsa , a hybrid of several styles from the Caribbean that originated in the USA
  • Bossa nova , one in Brazil resulting hybrid of native styles and jazz -Spielformen
  • Latin jazz , a fusion of jazz with Afro-Cuban music (especially mambo / salsa ) that originated in New York in the 1930s and 1940s
  • Latin rock , a mixture of rock and various, especially Afro-Caribbean styles, which originated in the USA and was later popular throughout Latin America
  • Latin Pop , a mixture of pop music and Latin American style elements, often with soul and rhythm and blues influences.
  • Songo , a modern form of son , was created around 1969 and mixes the melodic elements of son with the rhythmic elements of traditional rumba and rock, funk and rhythm and blues
  • Tex-Mex , a hybrid of folklore styles from Texas and Mexico

New popular styles of Latin American music

Some of them are new sub-genres of traditional styles, but some of the dominant influences come from other styles (e.g. in Rio Funk from the Miami Bass of the USA).

Dances and song forms from the countries of origin

Andean region

Vallenato , Yaraví

Andano

Argentina

Baguala , Bailecito , Carnavalito , Chacarera , Chamamé , Chamarrita , Chaya , Chirihuaqui , Cielito , Cifra , Cueca , Estilo , Milonga , Rasguido doble , Tango Argentino , Tonada , Vidala , Zamba

Bolivia

Taquirari , Carnavalito , Chovena , Morenada , Taquirari, Tinku , Waka Waka

Brazil

Axé , Baião , Brega , Bumba-Meu-Boi , ( Capoeira - originally a fighting style), Choro / Chorinho , Côco , Forró , Frevo , Lambada , Maracatu , Marchinha , Música Caipira , Pagoda , Samba , Samba-Reggae , Sertanejo , Tropicalismo

Caribbean

Calipso (from Trinidad and Tobago ), Danzón (originally from Haiti ), Merengue , Bachata (both: Dom. Rep. ), Plena ( Puerto Rico ), Mento , Ska , Reggae , Dancehall ( Jamaica ), Reggaetón (Puerto Rico, Panama , Dominican Republic , Cuba )

Mexico

Banda , Corrido , Danzón , Canción Ranchera , Sandunga , Son Huasteca ( Huapango ), Son Jarocho , Son de Jalisco , Son de Michoacán , Son de Veracruz , Vals , Yucateca

Paraguay

Balada or Canción , Guarania , Polca paraguaya , Vals

Uruguay

Chamarrita , Candombe , Murga

Venezuela

Joropo llanero , pasaje , polo

Further

Musician

Leo Brouwer , Paquito D'Rivera , Tito Puente , Antônio Carlos Jobim , João Gilberto , Los Kjarkas , Maria João , Mario Bauzá , Luiz Bonfá , Milton Nascimiento , Lalo Schifrin , Irakere , Los Van Van , Adalberto Alvarez , Caterina Valente , El Nene , Mayito Rivera , El Indio , Ricardo Amaray , Manolito Simonet , Yma Sumac , Lucha Reyes , Buena Vista Social Club , Manu Chao , Chucho Valdés , Rubén Blades , Willie Colón , Juan de Marcos , Issac Delgado , Azúcar Negra , NG La Banda , Manolin-el medico de la salsa , Cruks en Karnak , Quilapayún , Inti Illimani , Víctor Jara , Violeta Parra , Shakira , Daniela Mercury , Gloria Estefan , Celia Cruz , Carlinhos Brown , Marc Anthony , Thalía , Grupo Niche , Aventura , Daddy Yankee , Tego Calderón , Rakim y Ken-Y , Selena Quintanilla-Pérez , Julieta Venegas , Hijos del Sol , Ibrahim Ferrer , Compay Segundo , Omara Portuondo , Rubén González Fontanills , Eliades Ochoa , Chico Trujillo etc.

Main instruments and rhythm

Instruments

Percussion / rhythm instruments

Typical Latin rhythm instruments are claves (Rumba wood), maraca (maracas), Chocalho , Chocallo or Tubo (shaker), Guiro or Güiro ( "cucumber") and Cowbell or Cencerro (Kuhglocke).

Melody / harmony instruments

Accordion , bandoneon (in Argentina), cavaquinho (in Brazil), (mostly acoustic) guitar , harp , piano , clarinet , double bass , pan flutes ( Siku in Bolivia and Peru) and other flutes ( vascular flutes ), trombone , trumpet , violin

rhythm

Web links

Commons : Music of Latin America  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files
Commons : Latin music  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control. German Publishing House for Music, Leipzig 1977; Paperback edition: Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag, and Musikverlag B. Schott's Sons, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , p. 179 f.