André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé (also André-Joseph de Lafitte ; born February 23, 1740 in Clavé near Moncrabeau , † February 11, 1794 in Perpignan ) was a French officer.

Life

Lafitte-Clavé graduated from the École royale du génie engineering school in Mézières .

He is particularly noted for his participation in a French military mission to the Ottoman Empire under Louis XVI. known between 1784 and 1788. The mission's duties included teaching naval warfare, fortification building, and fortification attack. By the French Revolution in 1789, around 300 French artillery officers and engineers were sent to the Ottoman Empire to train artillery units and modernize warfare.

From 1784 Lafitte-Clavé and Joseph-Gabriel Monnier de Courtois taught construction drawings and techniques in the Mühendishâne-i Humayun engineering school founded by Grand Vizier Halil Hamid Pascha . French textbooks on mathematics, astronomy, weapons and warfare, and navigation were mostly used for teaching.

In 1784 a reform commission headed by Lafitte-Clavé examined the fortresses on the western Black Sea . In his report on the fortresses and places, he was the first to describe the bay near the towns of Burgas and Poros as the Bay of Burgas , with the remark that it was previously known as the Bay of Poros . Lafitte-Clavé was also the first to name the lake west of Burgas - Burgassee and its outflow, Burgas .

The French experts and Lafitte-Clavé left the Ottoman Empire in 1788, as a condition of the Peace of Jassy between Russia, the Empire on the Bosphorus.

On April 1, 1791 Lafitte-Clavé was promoted to colonel and on October 25, 1792 to Maréchal de camp .

Individual evidence

  1. a b George Vlahakis: Imperialism and science: social impact and interaction p. 92.
  2. Jeremy Black: From Louis XIV to Napoleon, p. 144.
  3. ^ Virginia H. Aksan: Ottoman wars 1700-1870: an empire besieged. P. 202.
  4. ^ A b Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters: Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. P. 395.
  5. Ivan Karajotow, Stojan Rajtschewski, Mitko Iwanow: История на Бургас. От древността до средата на ХХ век. (on German about history of the city of Burgas. From antiquity to the middle of the 20th century). Verlag Tafprint OOD, Plovdiv 2011, ISBN 978-954-92689-1-1 , pp. 68, 274, 297.

Publications

  • André-Joseph Lafitte-Clavé, M. Duverne de Presle: Reconnaissance nautique et militaire du Golfe de Bourgas, au Nord-Est de Constantinople. In: Annales des voyages, de la geographie et de l'histoire 6, Paris 1810 pp. 337–344 full text , short version in: Annales des sciences et des arts. Volume 1809, 1, Paris Paris 1810, pp. 58–59 full text