Salzstadel (Stadtamhof)
The former approx. 80 m long two-storey Salzstadel in today's Regensburg district of Stadtamhof north of the Danube was built in 1597 when Stadtamhof was still a small Bavarian town north of the Stone Bridge at the gates of Regensburg. That is why the Salzstadel is now also called the Bavarian or Kurdish Salzstadel . The name Andreasstadel is in use today after the Andreasstrasse, which runs north of the barn and is named after the neighboring former monastery of the Augustinian canons St. Andreas and St. Mang . After the renovation in accordance with listed buildings in 2002, the former salt barn is now the oldest completely preserved secular building in Stadtamhof. The western part of the building is used for residential purposes. The eastern part is now the public " Künstlerhaus Andreasstadel ", a center of cultural life and the art scene in Regensburg.
History, origin and use until 1810
The start of construction on the Bavarian salt barn in 1597, the year Duke Maximilian I took office, was a demonstration of the economic power of the Bavarian dukes in relation to the imperial city of Regensburg, which at the time did not operate a salt trade. The beginning of the reign of Duke Maximilian I, which lasted until 1651, was marked by the fact that he wanted to make the old Duchy of Bavaria, which was then elevated to the new Electorate of Bavaria in 1623 in the 30 Years War , financially viable and economically efficient. The salt trade on the Danube with the Bavarian areas north and west of Regensburg was very important for this. However, the profit in the salt trade was reduced by the fact that customs payments were due when passing the Stone Bridge in Regensburg. Attempts to cross the bridge without customs failed, because Regensburg blocked the passages with chains, or commissioned a strong ship's man to cut through the haulage ropes of the Bavarian salt ships with a sharp ax. It was therefore necessary to build a salt store in Stadtamhof, Bavaria, east of the Stone Bridge on the northern arm of the Danube. The Bavarian salt ships coming from Passau could then use the northern arm of the Danube, moor there in front of the warehouse, unload the salt and store it temporarily in the barn. The barn was preceded by a fortified bank zone in the form of a land with bracing , where mooring and unloading could be safely carried out. The current design of the bank zone south of the barn does not reveal the situation at that time on the northern arm of the Danube, because in the 1950s there was a drastic foreland filling.
The salt had to be transported from the warehouse outside of Regensburg's territory by land via the Bavarian area from Stadtamhof west to the neighboring Bavarian town of Winzer . From there, the salt could then be transported on the Danube by ship.
It was not only the interrupted salt transport at the Stone Bridge that made the Bavarian salt trade difficult. The landing of the Bavarian salt ships on the bank of the northern arm of the Danube in front of the salt store could also be made more difficult by the city of Regensburg. With defense construction measures on the western tip of the Danube island Oberer Wöhrd , called the weir hole , an attempt was made to increase the flow of water to the southern arm of the Danube, where the ships for Regensburg landed. This could lower the water level of the Bavarian northern arm of the Danube so that the landing and unloading of the salt ships were no longer possible. So the "weir hole" became a bone of contention between the imperial city of Regensburg and the Duchy of Bavaria, because both often tried to dig each other's water. From 1810 after Regensburg was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bavaria , the Salzstadel was only used for a few years as a salt warehouse for trade with the Upper Palatinate and Franconia.
Buildings and use after 1800
The oldest secular building in Stadtamhof with its massive quarry stone masonry, its high-quality wooden construction from the Renaissance period, with its four-aisled system with double beams and profiled saddle timber over two floors and with three storage floors, still testifies to the timber construction art of the 16th century. The view of Stadtamhof is shaped by the huge gable roof of the barn.
After 1860, the building was divided into two areas, each with 2,600 square meters, and some of it was sold. The western part became public and served the city of Regensburg for years as a fire brigade equipment house, as a warehouse for building materials and construction machinery, and most recently as a warehouse for found bicycles. The western part was used for residential and commercial purposes. In 2002 the eastern part was bought by the Regensburg entrepreneur Zitzelsberger, who was developing a project called “Künstlerhaus Andreasstadel”. For the construction of living spaces for artists, for the furnishing of multi-purpose rooms, rooms for teaching and for a literary cafe with stage, small cinema and restaurant, funds were made available from the program of urban development funding. The total construction costs for this project came to around € 3,000,000 in the end. Some of the studios in this area are rented out rent-free by the Zitzelsberger Art and Culture Foundation against payment of ancillary costs.
The western part of the Salzstadel was to be used for residential and commercial purposes. A construction company group built 29 apartments and a hotel with 10 rooms here. A staircase with minimal interventions in the substance of the monument could also be implemented. During the construction work, the wooden structures of the ceilings and the roof truss were preserved and are still undiminished in the area of the restaurant on the ground floor. The main problems with the building measures for the small-scale use of the old salt barn were with questions of ventilation and lighting. Due to the lack of windows and dormers on the upper floor of the old salt barn, special forms for dormers that were compatible with the monument protection had to be developed. In order to illuminate the first floor, new openings had to be cut between the existing window openings, but these are clearly different from the existing ones.
Individual evidence
- ↑ City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Monument Preservation, Monument Profile Andreasstraße 26/28 (as of 2009)
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history . MZ-Verlag, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 . P. 451.
- ↑ a b Silvia Codreanu-Windauer, Harald Grieß: tracked down, history on our doorstep . Peter Kittel Regensburg, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021732-6 , pp. 48 .
- ^ Albert Payer: The Andreasstadel - formerly Bavarian salt stadel . In: 40 years of urban development funding in Regensburg - a success story . City of Regensburg, Planning and Building Department, Office for Urban Development, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-935052-96-2 , p. 36 f .
- ↑ Monument profile at Andreasstrasse 26/28, Former kurbayerischer Salzstadel, "Andreasstadel", City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Monument Preservation, status 2009