Andrew Wakefield

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Andrew Wakefield in Warsaw 2019.

Andrew Jeremy Wakefield (* 1957 ) is one in the UK with disbarment occupied physician who in 1998 with a publication in the medical journal The Lancet great sensation as well as aroused among experts in public. Through the investigative work of journalist Brian Deer of the Sunday Times was the case Wakefield started rolling. His - now withdrawn from the magazine - critical contribution to vaccination led to fewer people being vaccinated .

Publication and criticism

The article entitled ileal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children presented based on twelve cases a link between vaccination with the MMR combination vaccine directed against mumps , measles and rubella is used , and autism . As a result, vaccination rates fell significantly, especially in Great Britain.

After all independent attempts to reproduce Wakefield's findings failed, Brian Deer's research in 2004 revealed that, prior to the release, Wakefield had received £ 55,000 in third-party funding from attorneys representing parents of autistic children . They looked for links between autism and vaccination to sue vaccine manufacturers. The money was not known to either the co-authors or the magazine. Thereupon ten of the thirteen authors of the article resigned from it. In addition, it was announced through Brian Deer in 2006 that the law firm had transferred £ 435,643 to Wakefield two years prior to the publication of the Lancet paper. In January 2010, the General Medical Council , the UK Medical Association, ruled that Wakefield had used " unethical research methods " and that its findings had been presented in "dishonest" and "irresponsible" ways. His results were wrong and the magazine was deceived. The Lancet then withdrew Wakefield's publication entirely. As a result, he was banned from working in Great Britain in May 2010 . Wakefield, however, announced an appeal.

Wakefield gave up his job at the Royal Free Hospital in London in 2001 and emigrated to the USA. There he opened a private clinic in 2005, which he left in February 2010, shortly after his study was withdrawn.

In 2005, Hideo Honda, a Japanese specialist in autism at the Yokohama Rehabilitation Center, published a study based on the population of Kohoku Ward (300,000 residents in 2002), a district of Yokohama (3.5 million residents), the incidence of autism Studied children up to 7 years of age. What is special about this population is that the use of MMR as a vaccine for annuals began in April 1989 and was discontinued in April 1993. So children born after April 1992 were no longer vaccinated with MMR. However, the number of autism cases did not decrease after 1993, but increased. (born 1988: 2.0 ‰; 1989: 3.7 ‰; 1990: 5.2 ‰; 1991: 2.7 ‰; 1992: 3.0 ‰; 1993: 5.0 ‰; 1994: 8.7 ‰; 1995: 7.4 ‰; 1996: 8.1 ‰). From this, Honda and colleagues concluded that a possible discontinuation of MMR vaccinations in the USA or UK will not help to reduce autism.

In 2016, Wakefield made the documentary Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe , which was initially due to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival , but after criticism of this decision was taken out of the program by the festival management around Robert De Niro , himself the father of his autistic son Elliott .

In August 2016, Wakefield met Donald Trump during his election campaign for the US presidency . Trump is considered a vaccine skeptic. In 2014 he spread the following claim based on Wakefield's theses on Twitter : Healthy young child goes to doctor, gets pumped with massive shot of many vaccines, doesn't feel good and changes - AUTISM, Many such cases!

Wakefield is married with four children.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andrew Jeremy Wakefield et al. a .: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children . In: Lancet , 351 (9103), 1998, pp. 637-641, PMID 9500320
  2. ^ Brian Deer: Revealed: MMR Research Scandal . In: The Sunday Times , February 22, 2004.
  3. ↑ SH Murch u. a .: Retraction of an interpretation . In: Lancet , 2004, 363 (9411), p. 750, PMID 15016483
  4. ↑ Reiner Luyken: Vaccinations: Panic before the spades . In: The time . April 19, 2007, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed March 25, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Cinthia Briseño: Withdrawn Study: The Official End of a Vaccination Scandal . Spiegel Online , February 3, 2010.
  6. ^ Research scandal : British autism doctor banned from working . Spiegel Online , May 24, 2010.
  7. ↑ Raf Sanchez, David Rose: Dr Andrew Wakefield struck off medical register. In: The Times. dated May 25, 2010
  8. ^ John F. Burns : British Medical Council Bars Doctor Who Linked Vaccine With Autism . In: New York Times , May 24, 2010, accessed June 2, 2010.
  9. ^ H Honda, Y Shimizu, M Rutter: No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study . J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005 Jun; 46 (6): 572-9. PMID 15877763
  10. ↑ Nina Rehfeld: De Niro withdraws film: Wrong vaccination . In: FAZ.NET . April 4, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed March 24, 2020]).
  11. Jump up ↑ Tribeca Film Festival Pulls Controversial Anti-Vaccination Documentary at variety.com, accessed March 28, 2016
  12. ↑ Trump tweet from March 28, 2014
  13. ^ Zack Kopplin: Trump met with prominent anti-vaccine activists during campaign. In: sciencemag.org. December 8, 2016, accessed January 12, 2017 .
personal data
SURNAME Wakefield, Andrew
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wakefield, Andrew Jeremy
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British surgeon and researcher
DATE OF BIRTH 1957