Angelika Hartmann (pedagogue)

Angelika Hartmann before 1909

Angelika Hartmann memorial in Koethen

Henriette Angelika Hartmann (* 12. July 1829 in Köthen (Anhalt) ; † 22. March 1917 in Leipzig ) was a German teacher , represented by the establishment of several kindergartens the Froebel spread ideas.

Live and act

Angelika Hartmann was born on July 12, 1829 in Koethen. Her mother died when Angelika was four years old and she lost her father at the age of 16. From then on, Angelika Hartmann had to earn her living as a nanny and by giving private lessons. Special confidants for them were the Köthen high school professor Dr. Karl Schmidt and Froebel epigon, Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow , with whom she was a lifelong friend, who introduced the young girl to Friedrich Froebel's world of thought in private educational and philosophical lessons .

On the advice of the aristocrats and Karl Schmidt, Angelika Hartmann went to Dresden in 1859 to receive training in the kindergarten teacher seminar led by Bruno Marquart . Then she opened a private kindergarten in Dresden. Angelika Hartmann handed this over in 1864 and returned to Köthen. In her hometown she founded the first kindergarten according to Froebel at Easter 1864, in which at the end of 1865 around 60 children of preschool age between 2 ½ - 6 years were educated and brought up according to Froebel principles. A particular concern for her was the transition from kindergarten to school, the so-called placement class . The pedagogue added a three-class elementary school to her kindergarten, later a higher school for girls and a kindergarten teachers' seminar.

In 1875 Angelika Hartmann and her institute moved to Leipzig . There she founded the "Leipziger Froebelverein" in 1876, which joined the German Froebel Association (DFV) in September 1879 , and a public kindergarten. In the period that followed, she founded the kindergarten association "Hartmannia" and the association "German Mothers". In 1895 it transferred its facilities to the "Leipziger Fröbelverein", which in 1904 was able to acquire its own house. This was named "Angelika-Hartmann-Haus" in appreciation and gratitude to the founder. Associated with this was the task of training teachers at community schools and kindergarten seminars, family kindergarten teachers, leaders of public kindergartens, after-school care centers and youth homes, as well as kindergarten teachers. Around 5000 young girls and women were trained under Angelika Hartmann's leadership.

Angelika Hartmann was an active member of the DFV, for which she organized several general meetings in Köthen and Leipzig.

The pedagogue died in Leipzig on March 22, 1917 at the age of 87. Her urn was buried in the columbarium of Leipzig's southern cemetery.

Parts of her estate and literature by and about her (diploma / master's / scientific term papers) are in the Ida-Seele archive .

Herbert Egerland (see literature) writes in his biography about Angelika Hartmann:

"It is a fact that no encyclopedia mentions the name Angelika Hartmann at all, and even in the specialist literature her name is not recognized, not even mentioned, among the supporters who successfully continued Froebel's work after his death in 1852 ... The lack of appreciation of her educational effectiveness is part of the forgotten pedagogical legacy in historiography ... The main places of activity of the human educator Hartmann are the Bach cities of Koethen and Leipzig. Here she was able to implement her practical ideas of Froebel pedagogy with great success ".

Since November 15, 1914, there has been an Angelika Hartmann memorial in Köthen (created by Paul Stuckenbruck ), the so-called "Angelika Hartmann Bank". A day-care center and a school for the mentally handicapped also bear her name.

Works (selection)

• The storytelling - with special consideration of the question: Are fairy tales to be told in kindergarten or not? , in: Kindergarten, 9 1868, pp. 26–29
• What goals should be pursued when setting up an elementary kindergarten? , Koethen 1870
• The kindergarten in Köthen , in: Kindergarten 14 1873, pp. 104-107, 125-131
• How Froebel became a kindergarten teacher , in: Cornelia, 9 1874, pp. 105-107
• Froebel's educational system and its significance for science teaching , in: Cornelia, 10 1875, pp. 105–112
• Can the kindergarten be brought into organic connection with the school and how could this be achieved , in: Rheinische Blätter für Erziehungs und Studium, 18 1876, pp. 425–440
• Kindergarten and character formation , in: Gartenlaube , 25 1877 / No. 19, pp. 314-315
• Kindergarten and character formation , in: Gartenlaube , Heft 10, 1877
• Children's songs with piano accompaniment for home and kindergarten. Composition and text Angelika Hartmann. Seminar leader in Leipzig , Leipzig, 1878.
• Froebel's educational material based on the concentration idea, edited for kindergarten and family , Leipzig 1904

Literature (selection)

• Manfred Berger : Women in the history of kindergarten. A manual , Frankfurt 1995 ISBN 3-8609925-5-4
• Manfred Berger: The Kindergarten from 1840 to the Present, Saarbrücken 2015, p. 44 ff.
• Egerland, Herbert: Angelika Hartmann 1829–1917. Pedagogue in the spirit of Froebel , Köthen 1997 ISBN 3-9805418-1-9
• Hohlfeldt, Karin von: Life and Work of the Froebelian Angelika Hartmann (1829-1917). A study on Froebel pedagogy and Froebel reception in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Wertingen 1999 (unpublished diploma thesis)
• Sahle, Rita (ed.): Dictionary for the history of social work in Leipzig, Berlin 1999, pp. 45–46
• Tschammler, Bertlinde: Henriette Goldschmidt (1825–1920) and Angelika Hartmann (1829–1917). Life and work of two important Froebel epigones in Leipzig, Weimar 1998 (unpublished diploma thesis)
• Manfred Berger: Hartmann, Henriette Angelika in: Eva Labouvie (Ed.): Women in Saxony-Anhalt 2. A biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the 19th century to 1945, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2019, pp. 198–201

Web links

• Women in the history of kindergarten: Angelika Hartmann
• portrait
• Angelika Hartmann memorial in Koethen