Anselm II of Lucca

Anselm II of Lucca (actually Anselmo da Baggio , * 1035 in Milan , † March 18, 1086 in Mantua ) was a Roman Catholic bishop and saint .

Life

He came from the Milanese aristocratic house da Baggio. His family belonged to the higher social class and some members served as missi in the Reichsdienst. He was the nephew of the Luccheser bishop Anselms I, who was elevated to pope as Alexander II in 1061. In 1062 he was made a cardinal .

Anselm II had been a member of the Milanese church since early youth, presumably as a child, and was educated in her cathedral school. After studying in Milan , he became a monk in the Polirone monastery , although training in the Le Bec monastery in Normandy cannot be ruled out. After Pope Alexander II, shortly before his death in 1073, had designated Anselm as the successor to the bishopric of Lucca , the bishopric was raised in the first phase of the investiture dispute between the German court and the papacy. His investiture and consecration could only follow after a settlement between the new Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV . His investiture took place under Henry IV in 1074, his ordination did not take place until 1075.

In February 1075 he renounced his office as bishop and joined the monastery of St-Gilles (mouth of the Rhône). However, he failed in this attempt due to the veto of the Pope, who ordered his return to Lucca. The reasons for his abdication are uncertain.

Anselm complied with the Pope's veto and initiated the canon reform in Lucca in the same year, the failure of which was sealed in 1080 with the expulsion of his own clerics from the diocese. In 1079 and 1080 he took part in the reform synods.

Anselm spent the rest of his life in exile and became spiritual advisor to Margravine Mathilde von Tuszien . He was also a loyal ally of Pope Gregory VII. Gregory sent Anselm to particularly problematic areas ( papal legate in Milan 1077, vicariate in Lombardy 1081). It is also quite possible that he was chosen by the Pope as his possible successor.

Anselm II is known as a canonist because of his collection of canons . These were probably created in 1083.

He was canonized in 1087.

Collectio canonum

According to the historian Theo Kölzer , the importance of the work Collectio canonum by Anselm II lies in the selection and systematization of the traditional canonical material. The work deals extensively with the material force of force of the church as well as with the question of the “ just war ”. In terms of his theory of a just war, he can be called the forerunner of the Crusades. Of all the reform collections, this work achieved the greatest dissemination and importance.

Works

• Collectio canonum
• Liber ad Wibertum
• Epistolae
• Sermo de caritate

literature

• Gerd Althoff : "Blessed are those who practice persecution". Popes and violence in the High Middle Ages. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2013, ISBN 978-3-534-24711-0 .
• Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  ANSELM II., Bishop of Lucca. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 185-186.
• Kathleen Cushing: Papacy and Law in the Gregorian Revolution: The Canonistic Work of Anselm of Lucca (= Oxford Historical Monographs ). Clarendon Press, Oxford 1998, ISBN 0-19-820724-7 .
• Klaus Herbers : History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-534-23170-6 .
• Theo Kölzer : Anselm II of Lucca . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 1, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7608-8901-8 , Sp. 679 f.
• Michael Ott:  St. Anselm of Lucca, the Younger . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 1, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1907.
• Tillmann Schmidt: Alexander II. (1061-1073) and the Roman reform group of his time (= popes and papacy. Vol. 11). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-7772-7704-5 .
• Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi: Anselm of Lucca as a canonist (= Adnotationes in ius canonicum. Vol. 34). Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2006, ISBN 3-631-54106-6 .

Web links

• Baggio, Anselmo there. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed November 11, 2016.
• Entry on Anselmo da Baggio on catholic-hierarchy.org ; accessed on November 11, 2016.
• Anselm II of Lucca in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints , accessed on November 11, 2016