Anthaxia senicula
| Anthaxia senicula | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthaxia senicula |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Anthaxia senicula | ||||||||||||
| ( Cabinet , 1789) |
Anthaxia senicula even anthaxia deaurata called, is a colorful beetles from the family of the jewel beetle . It belongs to the subfamily Buprestinae . The genus Anthaxia is represented in Europe with four subgenera. Anthaxia senicula belongs to the subgenus Anthaxia , which has 45 species in Europe. The species Anthaxia senicula occurs in large parts of Central and Southern Europe in the subspecies Anthaxia senicula senicula , in Crete in the subspecies Anthaxia senicula cretica .
._Pair.jpg)
Notes on names and synonyms
The beetle is not yet described in the 12th edition of Linnés Systema Naturae , but the 13th edition , which Gmelin has greatly expanded, already contains a description of the beetle under the name Buprestis deaurata . Since the 13th edition of Systema Naturae was published from 1788, one occasionally finds Gmelin, 1788, as an indication of the author . The description of the beetle does not appear until the 4th volume, which appears in 1790. That is why Gmelin, 1790 is more correct. Before that, however, a darker form of the beetle under the name Buprestis senicula was described by cabinet in 1789 . In its description, closet mainly refers to hair. He writes about the beetle that it is shiny red fiery ...... because of a very fine white wool, which is much thinner on the belly, more dull and because of this bearded hair gives it the name senicula from the Latin "seniculus" for "Old man". Gmelin, on the other hand, emphasizes in his description mainly the color of the elytra . He writes: Buprestis supra obscure viridis, elytrorum margine aureo (Latin: a jewel beetle that is dark green above with a golden edge of the wing cover ) and calls the beetle deaurata from Latin “deauratus” for “overgold”.
Gmelin takes over the first part of the description verbatim from Fabricius , who described the beetle under the name Buprestis aurulenta as early as 1787 , and Gmelin also cites Fabricius as a source. However, the name Buprestis aurulenta was already given by Linné for a North American beetle, which is why Gmelin changes the species name to deaurata . For the same reason, Herbst 1801 replaced Fabricius' species name with auricolor . Finally, in 1851 Küster describes the dark variant according to Frivaldsky as the species Anthaxia hanakii and places it behind Anthaxia aurulenta .
The beetle is later assigned to the genus Anthaxia and currently the names Anthaxia deaurata and Anthaxia senicula are the most common synonyms. The genus name Anthaxia is from Altgr. άνθος ánthos, 'flower', and άξιος áxios, 'worth' derived and indicates the many colorful beetles of this genus.
Description of the beetle
The beetle is brightly colored but not shiny on the top and becomes nine to 12.5 millimeters long. The underside is shiny coppery red, the upper side is variable in color. In the natural history of the insects of Germany by Erichson , four color variants are given.
The body is flat, about three times as long as it is wide; the male is slightly narrower than the female.
The head is tilted downward and drawn back into the pronotum to the rear edges of the eyes. It is dotted with dense granularity . The large brown eyes are drawn closer together on the forehead. The eleven-link antennae are about as long as the pronotum. The two basal links are gold-green, the rest are almost black. The antennae are weakly serrated from the fourth link onwards. The forehead is moderately dense, long protruding, almost woolly white, silky hair.
When viewed from above, the pronotum is roughly rectangular, about one and a half times as wide as it is long. The front edge is convex in the middle and concave to the side. The base is almost straight, slightly indented in front of the label. The sides are fairly regularly curved, the widest point being in the front third. The pronotum is indistinctly wrinkled transversely, dotted like a network on the sides, but the wrinkles are not arranged in a circle. In the middle, the pronotum is very slightly indented lengthways. It is protruding with fine white hair. It is green-gold, towards the sides it becomes reddish. In the darker forms, it can also be brown and coppery.
The label is small, triangular and extremely finely dotted. It is red gold or green gold.
The elytra are dense, irregularly wrinkled and loosely finely haired. At the base they are the same width as the base of the pronotum. Their sides hardly taper in the front half, they taper slightly towards the tip, and the ends are individually rounded. In the last third, the sides are fine but clearly indented. The elytra are a little more than twice as long as together wide, in the female a little wider than in the male. They are either green with a broad red to purple outer edge. Or they are darker brown to ore colored. Then only at the base and partially along the seam is the color transitioning to gold-green and the red border inconspicuous (Fig. 1).
biology
The beetle can be found from May to July. The warmth-loving species can be found on sunny forest edges, in alluvial forests and on floodplains. The beetle develops in elms , mainly in dry, thick branches of old trees with a diameter of five to twenty centimeters, while Anthaxia manca develops preferentially in younger, dead elms. That is why Anthaxia senicula in particular has become even rarer with the Dutch elm disease . The adults can also be found on cordwood and occasionally on alder and poplar .
distribution
The species is widespread in Europe except in the north (Great Britain, Benelux countries, Scandinavia, Denmark, the Baltic States). It is missing in Portugal and there are no reports from Switzerland. Outside of Europe, the beetle is found in North Africa and the Eastern Palaearctic.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X . P. 225 as Anthaxia deaurata
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 96
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911 p. 188
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Anthaxia deaurata from Fauna Europaea , accessed on June 8, 2018
- ↑ a b F. Cabinet: Entomological observations in Johann Christian Daniel Schreber (ed.) Der Naturforscher 24th piece, Halle 1789 p. 85, no. 54
- ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus, Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae .... 1. Volume, 13th edition, Leipzig 1788 Part 4 1780 p. 1934, inserted between No. 14 and No. 15 as No. 83
- ↑ Joh. Christ. Fabricius: Mantissa insectorum… Volume 1 Hafnia (Copenhagen) 1787 p. 182 No. 67 as Buprestis aurulenta
- ^ A b Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst: natural system of all known domestic and foreign insects, ... the beetle ninth part Berlin 1801 p. 158 in the Google book search
- ↑ a b H.C. Küster: The beetles of Europe - described from nature 23rd issue, Nuremberg 1851 without page number
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ^ A b W. F. Erichson et al .: Natural history of the insects of Germany Coleoptera fourth volume Berlin 1857 p.88 as Anthaxia auricolor
- ↑ Petr Zabranzky: Contributions to the faunistics of Austrian beetles with remarks on ecology and biology 2nd part - Family Buprestidae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Koleopterologische Rundschau Vienna No. 61 Vienna July 1991 p. 184
