Apache Tomcat

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Apache Tomcat

logo
Screenshot
Apache Tomcat default start page
Basic data

developer Apache Software Foundation
Publishing year 1999, January 27, 2006
Current  version 9.0.34
( April 8, 2020 )
operating system GNU / Linux, Microsoft Windows , BSD operating system, macOS , unix-like system
programming language Java
category Web server , Java
License Apache license, version 2.0
tomcat.apache.org

Apache Tomcat is an open-source - Web server and web container , the specification for Java Servlets and Java Server Pages , implemented (JSP) and allows so in Java execute written Web applications to servlet or JSP basis.

Structure and functionality

Tomcat consists of the actual servlet container Catalina , the JSP engine Jasper and the connector framework Coyote . Using various connectors, Tomcat supports various communication protocols and can either be operated as an independent web server with the HTTP connector or integrated into other web servers such as Apache web server or Microsoft IIS using the AJP connector . With the currently existing AJP implementation (version 1.3) it is possible to operate the servlet container on a separate host computer in order to relieve the web server; In particular, the load balancing functionality allows the web server to be provided with a cluster of several servlet containers if the required performance is high .

Directory structure

The directory hierarchy of a Tomcat 6.x / 7.x / 8.x / 9.x installation includes:

bin
startup, shutdownand other scripts and executables
conf
( XML ) configuration files
lib
Public libraries, the Catalina and other web applications can be used
logs
Catalina and application logs
temp
temporary data
webapps
Directory of web applications
work
Directory for storing compiled JSP / jspx files, persistent sessions, etc.

history

The development of Tomcat originally started as a project by James Duncan Davidson at Sun Microsystems as a reference implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications. In 1999, Sun transferred the Tomcat code base to the Apache Software Foundation , which continued the project as an open source project under the umbrella of its Jakarta top-level project. In 2005 Tomcat became its own Apache top-level project and has had its own organizational and management structure ever since.

Before taking over the Tomcat project, the Apache Software Foundation already had a servlet container called JServ. The development of JServ was stopped in favor of Tomcat in 2000. Only the connector that can connect Tomcat to other web servers via the AJP protocol has been taken over from the JServ code base in Tomcat. In 2001, Tomcat version 4 was a profound redesign of the Tomcat structure and large parts of the code base were recreated.

Tomcat is also in a series of JavaEE - application servers application, it is for example a component of Apache Geronimo and Apache Tomee .

Major Apache Tomcat versions

version Published on Support up Last version last update Servlet version JSP version Java version Description / note
Older version; no longer supported: 3.x   1999 EOL 3.3.2 09 Mar 2004 2.2 1.1 1.1 Initial version. Merger of the donated Sun Java web server code and ASF. Reloading servlets without restarting. Refactoring towards more modularity in order to improve performance and stability
Older version; no longer supported: 4.x Sep 18 2001 EOL 4.1.40 June 25, 2009 2.3 1.2 1.3 New development of the servlet container ("Catalina"), new development of the JSP compiler ("Jasper"), installation of JMX , JSP and Struts- based administration
Older version; no longer supported: 5.0 0Oct 9, 2002 EOL 5.0.30 Aug 30, 2004 2.4 2.0 1.4 better integration into the Windows and Unix platforms
Older version; no longer supported: 5.5 Nov 10, 2004 Sep 30 2012 5.5.36 Oct 10, 2012 2.4 2.0 1.4 Redesign of many parts, increasing performance and stability ; based on JSE 5.0 (with additional libraries also under JSE 1.4)
Older version; no longer supported: 6.0 Feb 28, 2007 December 31, 2016 6.0.53 0Apr 2, 2017 2.5 2.1 5
Older version; still supported: 7.0 Jan. 14, 2011 7.0.104 0May 7, 2020 3.0 2.2 6th Increase in performance and stability , many changes in the servlet area (annotations, asynchronous processing of requests, dynamic configuration), based on JSE 6
Older version; no longer supported: 8.0 June 24, 2014 June 30, 2018 8.0.53 June 29, 2018 3.1 2.3 7th
Older version; still supported: 8.5 24 Mar 2016 8.5.55 05th May 2020 3.1 2.3 7th HTTP / 2 with the support of the Tomcat Native Library; OpenSSL for JSSE ; Support for Server Name Indication
Current version: 9.0 Sep 30 2017 9.0.35 05th May 2020 4.0 2.3 8th HTTP / 2 support even without Tomcat Native Library, provided Java 9 is used
Legend:
Older version; no longer supported
Older version; still supported
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version

Web links

Commons : Apache Tomcat  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heritage . (English, accessed July 24, 2018).
  2. ↑ projects.apache.org . (English, accessed April 8, 2020).
  3. ↑ tomcat.apache.org . (accessed on April 21, 2020).
  4. ↑ Mark Thomas: Apache Tomcat 9.0.34 available . April 9, 2020 (accessed April 22, 2020).
  5. ↑ a b c d e In: Free Software Directory .
  6. ↑ The tomcat Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page . In: Open Hub . (accessed on September 21, 2018).
  7. ↑ projects.apache.org . In: Open Hub . (accessed on April 8, 2020).
  8. ↑ Tomcat 7 Documentation. Apache Software Foundation, accessed February 20, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Lajos Moczar: Tomcat 5 . Use in company applications with JSP and servlets. 1st edition. Addison-Wesley, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8273-2202-9 , pp. 410 ff . ( Google Books ).
  10. ↑ Apache Tomcat Documentation: The Tomcat Story
  11. ↑ Vivek Chopra, Sing Li, Jeff Genender: Professional Apache Tomcat 6 . 1st edition. Wiley, 2007, ISBN 978-0-471-75361-2 , pp. 3.62 ( Google Books ).
  12. ↑ Apache Tomcat 3.x ( English ) Apache Tomcat. November 10, 2004. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  13. ↑ Tomcat 5.5.4 is stable ( English ) November 10, 2004. Accessed July 28, 2018.
  14. ↑ End of life for Apache Tomcat 5.5.x ( English ) Apache Tomcat. August 10, 2011. Accessed July 24, 2018.
  15. ↑ Apache Tomcat 5.5 Changelog ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  16. ↑ a b Apache Tomcat 6 changelog ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  17. ↑ End of life for Apache Tomcat 6.0.x ( English ) Apache Tomcat. June 3, 2015. Accessed July 28, 2018.
  18. ↑ a b Apache Tomcat 7 Changelog ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  19. ↑ a b Apache Tomcat 8 Changelog ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  20. ↑ End of life for Apache Tomcat 8.0.x ( English ) Apache Tomcat. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
  21. ↑ a b Apache Tomcat 8.5 Changelog ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  22. ↑ a b Apache Tomcat 9 Changelog ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  23. ↑ Apache Tomcat 9 ( English ) Apache Tomcat. Retrieved July 28, 2018.