Apache HTTP Server
| Apache HTTP Server
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| Basic data
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| developer | Apache Software Foundation |
| Publishing year | 1995 |
| Current version |
2.4.46 ( August 5, 2020 ) |
| operating system | limited platform-independent |
| programming language | C. |
| category | Web server |
| License | Apache license, version 2.0, Apache license, version 1.1 |
| httpd.apache.org | |
The Apache HTTP Server [ əˈpætʃi ] is an open source and free product of the Apache Software Foundation and one of the most widely used web servers on the Internet .
history
A group of eight developers began to expand the NCSA HTTPd web server in 1994 . These were in particular: Brian Behlendorf , Roy T. Fielding , Rob Hartill, David Robinson, Cliff Skolnick, Randy Terbush, Robert S. Thau and Andrew Wilson with the support of Eric Hagberg, Frank Peters and Nicolas Pioch.
They named the result of their work Apache HTTP Server and published it in April 1995. It was the founding project of the Apache Software Foundation .
Origin of name
The name was chosen out of respect for the North American Indian tribe of the Apaches . It is not correct that the name is a reinterpretation of " a patchy server " , which means something like "a patched up server " . This interpretation arose from the fact that the Apache HTTP server was originally a patched extension of the old NCSA HTTP server.
Features and functions
In addition to Unix and Linux , Apache supports Win32 , NetWare and a large number of other operating systems. In Apache 2.4, support for older operating systems such as BeOS , TPF and A / UX that were no longer developed for a long time was ended. In version 2.0, the stability and speed of the server - especially on non-Unix systems - have been significantly improved: The Apache Portable Runtime (APR) library provides a generalization of important system calls so that the individual strengths of the respective operating system can be exploited. In addition, there are various multiprocessing modules (MPM) that, depending on the platform, offer different solutions for the simultaneous handling of several client requests: For example, the MPM prefork relies on forking processes for classic Unix systems , while mpm_winnt optimizes the threads that are more recommended under Windows is.
The Apache web server has a modular By appropriate modules can, for example, the communication between the browser and Web server encrypt ( mod_ssl ), as a Proxy Server can be used (mod_proxy) or complex manipulations of HTTP - header data ( mod headers ) and URLs ( mod rewrite perform) .
Apache offers the possibility of dynamically creating websites using server-side scripting languages . Frequently used scripting languages are PHP , Perl or Ruby . Other languages are Python , JavaScript (e.g. V8CGI ), Lua , Tcl and .NET (with ASP.NET or Mono ). These are not part of the web server, but must either be integrated as modules or addressed via the CGI , since Apache, unlike nginx, for example, is module-based. The modules can be activated or deactivated at any time. Server Side Includes (SSI) can be performed using the mod_include included with the Apache installation . This makes it possible to create simple dynamic websites and to minimize the administrative effort of static websites.
Like all programs of the Apache Software Foundation, the Apache HTTP Server is free software . The stable version 2.4.x is currently still supported and thus provided with security updates, for example. The Apache developers recommend version 2.4.x for productive use.
Distributions
The Apache HTTP Server is included as standard in almost all Linux distributions and in macOS . A popular development distribution for Windows , Linux and Mac OS X is XAMPP .
Major versions
- Apache 1.x : This version was first released in 1995 . The further development of the last development branch 1.3.x ended in February 2010. Since then, version 1 has only been provided with security updates if necessary. In the meantime, the supply of security updates has also been discontinued.
- Apache 2.x : This version was first released in March 2000. From this version only the development branch 2.4 is supplied with security updates and further developments.
Version overview
| Legend: | Older version; no longer supported | Older version; still supported | Current version | Current preliminary version | Future version |
|---|
Apache 1
Apache 1.0
| version | publication |
|---|---|
| 1.0.0 | April 1996 |
Apache 1.3
| version | publication |
|---|---|
| 1.3.0 | June 6, 1998 |
| 1.3.1 | July 22, 1998 |
| 1.3.2 | September 23, 1998 |
| 1.3.3 | October 9, 1998 |
| 1.3.4 | January 11, 1999 |
| 1.3.5 | not published |
| 1.3.6 | March 24, 1999 |
| 1.3.7 | not published |
| 1.3.8 | not published |
| 1.3.9 | August 19, 1999 |
| 1.3.10 | not published |
| 1.3.11 | January 21, 2000 |
| 1.3.12 | February 25, 2000 |
| 1.3.13 | not published |
| 1.3.14 | October 13, 2000 |
| 1.3.15 | not published |
| 1.3.16 | not published |
| 1.3.17 | January 29, 2001 |
| 1.3.18 | not published |
| 1.3.19 | March 1, 2001 |
| 1.3.20 | May 1, 2001 |
| 1.3.21 | not published |
| 1.3.22 | October 12, 2001 |
| 1.3.23 | January 21, 2002 |
| 1.3.24 | March 22, 2002 |
| 1.3.25 | not published |
| 1.3.26 | June 18, 2002 |
| 1.3.27 | October 3, 2002 |
| 1.3.28 | July 16, 2003 |
| 1.3.29 | October 29, 2003 |
| 1.3.30 | not published |
| 1.3.31 | May 11, 2004 |
| 1.3.32 | not published |
| 1.3.33 | October 29, 2004 |
| 1.3.34 | October 18, 2005 |
| 1.3.35 | May 1, 2006 |
| 1.3.36 | May 17, 2006 |
| 1.3.37 | July 28, 2006 |
| 1.3.38 | not published |
| 1.3.39 | September 7, 2007 |
| 1.3.40 | not published |
| 1.3.41 | January 19, 2008 |
| 1.3.42 | February 2, 2010 |
Apache 2
Apache 2.0
| version | publication |
|---|---|
| 2.0.0a1 | March 10, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a2 | March 31, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a3 | April 28, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a4 | June 7, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a5 | August 4, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a6 | August 18, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a7 | October 8, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a8 | November 20, 2000 |
| 2.0.0a9 | December 12, 2000 |
| 2.0.14 - 2.0.27 | not published |
| 2.0.28 | November 13, 2001 |
| 2.0.29 - 2.0.31 | not published |
| 2.0.32 | February 16, 2002 |
| 2.0.33 - 2.0.34 | not published |
| 2.0.35 | April 5, 2002 |
| 2.0.36 | May 6, 2002 |
| 2.0.37 - 2.0.38 | not published |
| 2.0.39 | June 17, 2002 |
| 2.0.40 | August 9, 2002 |
| 2.0.41 | not published |
| 2.0.42 | September 24, 2002 |
| 2.0.43 | October 3, 2002 |
| 2.0.44 | January 20, 2003 |
| 2.0.45 | April 1, 2003 |
| 2.0.46 | May 28, 2003 |
| 2.0.47 | July 9, 2003 |
| 2.0.48 | October 29, 2003 |
| 2.0.49 | March 19, 2004 |
| 2.0.50 | June 30, 2004 |
| 2.0.51 | September 15, 2004 |
| 2.0.52 | September 28, 2004 |
| 2.0.53 | February 7, 2005 |
| 2.0.54 | April 17, 2005 |
| 2.0.55 | October 16, 2005 |
| 2.0.56 - 2.0.57 | not published |
| 2.0.58 | May 1, 2006 |
| 2.0.59 | July 28, 2006 |
| 2.0.60 | not published |
| 2.0.61 | September 7, 2007 |
| 2.0.62 | not published |
| 2.0.63 | January 19, 2008 |
| 2.0.64 | October 19, 2010 |
| 2.0.65 | July 10, 2013 |
Apache 2.2
| version | publication |
|---|---|
| 2.2.0 | December 1, 2005 |
| 2.2.1 | not published |
| 2.2.2 | May 1, 2006 |
| 2.2.3 | July 28, 2006 |
| 2.2.4 | January 9, 2007 |
| 2.2.5 | not published |
| 2.2.6 | September 7, 2007 |
| 2.2.7 | not published |
| 2.2.8 | January 19, 2008 |
| 2.2.9 | June 14, 2008 |
| 2.2.10 | October 14, 2008 |
| 2.2.11 | December 14, 2008 |
| 2.2.12 | July 28, 2009 |
| 2.2.13 | August 8, 2009 |
| 2.2.14 | October 3, 2009 |
| 2.2.15 | March 5, 2010 |
| 2.2.16 | July 25, 2010 |
| 2.2.17 | October 18, 2010 |
| 2.2.18 | May 11, 2011 |
| 2.2.19 | May 21, 2011 |
| 2.2.20 | August 20, 2011 |
| 2.2.21 | September 13, 2011 |
| 2.2.22 | January 31, 2012 |
| 2.2.23 | September 13, 2012 |
| 2.2.24 | February 26, 2013 |
| 2.2.25 | July 10, 2013 |
| 2.2.26 | 18th November 2013 |
| 2.2.27 | March 26, 2014 |
| 2.2.29 | 3rd September 2014 |
| 2.2.31 | 17th July 2015 |
| 2.2.32 | January 13, 2017 |
| 2.2.33 | not published |
| 2.2.34 | 11th July 2017 |
Apache 2.3
| version | publication |
|---|---|
| 2.3.0-alpha - 2.3.3-alpha | not published |
| 2.3.4-alpha | December 8, 2009 |
| 2.3.5-alpha | January 26, 2010 |
| 2.3.6-alpha | June 17, 2010 |
| 2.3.7-alpha | not published |
| 2.3.8-alpha | August 31, 2010 |
| 2.3.9-alpha | not published |
| 2.3.10-alpha | December 21, 2010 |
| 2.3.11-beta | March 7, 2011 |
| 2.3.12-beta | May 23, 2011 |
| 2.3.13-beta | not published |
| 2.3.14-beta | August 9, 2011 |
| 2.3.15-beta | November 15, 2011 |
| 2.3.16-beta | December 20, 2011 |
Apache 2.4
| version | publication |
|---|---|
| 2.4.0 | not published |
| 2.4.1 | 17th February 2012 |
| 2.4.2 | April 17, 2012 (Linux) May 17, 2012 (Windows) |
| 2.4.3 | August 21, 2012 |
| 2.4.4 | February 25, 2013 |
| 2.4.5 | not published |
| 2.4.6 | 22. July 2013 |
| 2.4.7 | November 25, 2013 |
| 2.4.9 | 17th March 2014 |
| 2.4.10 | July 21, 2014 |
| 2.4.12 | January 29, 2015 |
| 2.4.16 | 15th July 2015 |
| 2.4.17 | October 13, 2015 |
| 2.4.18 | December 14, 2015 |
| 2.4.20 | April 11, 2016 |
| 2.4.21 | not published |
| 2.4.22 | not published |
| 2.4.23 | 5th july 2016 |
| 2.4.24 | not published |
| 2.4.25 | 20th December 2016 |
| 2.4.26 | 19th June 2017 |
| 2.4.27 | 11th July 2017 |
| 2.4.28 | 5th October 2017 |
| 2.4.29 | 23 October 2017 |
| 2.4.33 | March 26, 2018 |
| 2.4.34 | 16th July 2018 |
| 2.4.35 | 22nd September 2018 |
| 2.4.36 | not published |
| 2.4.37 | 23 October 2018 |
| 2.4.38 | 17th January 2019 |
| 2.4.39 | March 27, 2019 |
| 2.4.40 | not published |
| 2.4.41 | August 14, 2019 |
| 2.4.42 | not published |
| 2.4.43 | April 1, 2020 |
| 2.4.44 | not published |
| 2.4.45 | not published |
| 2.4.46 | August 7, 2020 |
Modules
The Apache server can be expanded with so-called modules that bring certain additional functions and always begin with 'mod_' (e.g. mod_rewrite, mod_php7.0, mod_ssl). There are modules u. a. For
- SSL (mod_ssl for OpenSSL , mod_gnutls for GnuTLS )
- Integration and use of dynamic scripting languages (including mod_php5, mod_perl, mod_python)
- Support of additional protocols ( WebDAV : mod_dav, mod_dav_fs, mod_dav_lock, mod_dav_repos )
- Authentication (mod_auth *)
- Forwarding to other servers (mod_proxy)
- Rewriting and forwarding of requests ( mod rewrite ; the latter with the help of mod_proxy)
- Changes to header lines (mod_header)
- Automatic information about file types (mod_mime, mod_mime_magic)
- Automatic generation of status reports (mod_status)
| module | function |
|---|---|
| mod_access_compat | Group access permission based on host name |
| mod_actions | Executes CGI script depending on the MIME type of the requested content |
| mod_alias | URL redirection |
| mod_allowmethods | Prohibits individual HTTP methods (GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) |
| mod_asis | Sends file without setting new HTTP headers |
| mod_auth_basic | HTTP authentication |
| mod_auth_digest | Authentication with MD5 hash |
| mod_auth_form | Form authentication |
| mod_authn_anon | Allows anonymous access in authenticated areas |
| mod_authn_core | Core module for authentication |
| mod_authn_dbd | User authentication via an SQL database |
| mod_authn_dbm | User authentication via a DBM file |
| mod_authn_file | User authentication via text files |
| mod_authn_socache | Manages a cache of access authorizations |
| mod_authnz_fcgi | Allows a FastCGI authorizer application to handle Apache httpd authentication and authorization |
| mod_authnz_ldap | User authentication via LDAP |
| mod_authz_core | Core authorization |
| mod_authz_dbd | Group authentication via SQL |
| mod_authz_dbm | Group authentication via DBM |
| mod_authz_groupfile | Group authentication via text files |
| mod_authz_host | Group authentication based on host name |
| mod_authz_owner | Authentication via ownership of files |
| mod_authz_user | User authentication |
| mod_autoindex | Automatic directory display |
| mod_buffer | Request buffering |
| mod_cache | HTTP caching filter according to RFC 2616 |
| mod_cache_disk | Disk storage for HTTP caching filters |
| mod_cache_socache | Shared object cache (socache) -based storage for the HTTP caching filter |
| mod_cern_meta | CERN metadata semantics |
| mod_cgi | Execution of CGI scripts |
| mod_cgid | Execution of CGI scripts via external daemon |
| mod_charset_lite | Specifies other character encoding |
| mod_data | Data URL according to RFC 2397 |
| mod_dav | WebDAV |
| mod_dav_fs | File system module for WebDAV |
| mod_dav_lock | Locking module for WebDAV |
| mod_dbd | Manages SQL connections |
| mod_deflate | Compress content before delivery with Deflate |
| mod_dialup | Dialup |
| mod_dir | Folder directory display |
| mod_dumpio | Dumps all I / O to error log as desired |
| mod_echo | Echo server for test purposes |
| mod_env | Changes the environment |
| mod_example_hooks | Example module |
| mod_expires | Generates the Expires and Cache-Control HTTP headers |
| mod_ext_filter | Forwards the server response to an external program before delivery |
| mod_file_cache | Buffers files in memory |
| mod_filter | Context sensitive filters |
| mod_headers | Adaptation of the HTTP headers |
| mod_heartbeat | Sends server status to proxy servers |
| mod_heartmonitor | Monitor for mod_heartbeat server |
| mod_ident | RFC 1413 ident lookups |
| mod_imagemap | Imagemaps |
| mod_include | Server-side integration of HTMl documents (Server Side Includes) |
| mod_info | Server information |
| mod_isapi | ISAPI (Apache for Windows) |
| mod_lbmethod_bybusyness | For mod_proxy_balancer |
| mod_lbmethod_byrequests | For mod_proxy_balancer |
| mod_lbmethod_bytraffic | For mod_proxy_balancer |
| mod_lbmethod_heartbeat | For mod_proxy_balancer |
| mod_ldap | LDAP |
| mod_log_config | Logging of requests |
| mod_log_debug | Debug log |
| mod_log_forensic | Forensic logging |
| mod_logio | Logging of the input / output bytes |
| mod_lua | Lua - hooks |
| mod_macro | Macro support for the configuration files |
| mod_mime | MIME |
| mod_mime_magic | Determination of the MIME via magic byte |
| mod_negotiation | Content negotiation |
| mod_nw_ssl | SSL encryption for NetWare |
| mod_php5 | Scripting language |
| mod_privileges | Solaris Privileges |
| mod_proxy | Proxy |
| mod_proxy_ajp | AJP for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_balancer | Load balancing for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_connect | Support of CONNECT requests for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_express | Dynamic reverse proxy support for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_fcgi | FastCGI support for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_fdpass | fdpass support for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_ftp | FTP support for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_html | Rewrite HTML links in to ensure they are addressable from Clients' networks in a proxy context |
| mod_proxy_http | HTTP support for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_scgi | SCGI gateway support for mod_proxy |
| mod_proxy_wstunnel | WebSocket support for mod_proxy |
| mod_ratelimit | Bandwidth limit |
| mod_reflector | |
| mod_remoteip | Replaces the client IP with a user agent IP |
| mod_reqtimeout | Sets timeout fixed |
| mod_request | Support for HTTP requests |
| mod_rewrite | Rewrite engine |
| mod_security | Security module ( web application firewall ) |
| mod_sed | Filter with sed |
| mod_session | Support for meetings |
| mod_session_cookie | Sessions with cookies |
| mod_session_crypto | Session encryption |
| mod_session_dbd | DBD / SQL based sessions |
| mod_setenvif | Allows the setting of environment variables depending on the request |
| mod_slotmem_plain | Slot-based shared memory provider |
| mod_slotmem_shm | Slot-based shared memory provider |
| mod_so | Support for loading program libraries |
| mod_socache_dbm | DBM-based socache |
| mod_socache_dc | Distcache -based socache |
| mod_socache_memcache | Memcache -based socache |
| mod_socache_shmcb | shmcb -based socache |
| mod_speling | Module for correcting typographical errors |
| mod_ssl | Cryptography using SSL or TLS |
| mod_status | Information about server activity and performance |
| mod_substitute | Allows search & replace in the server response |
| mod_suexec | Execute CGI scripts as a different user (suEXEC) |
| mod_unique_id | Provides an environment variable with a unique identifier for each request |
| mod_unixd | Basic (required) security for Unix-family platforms. |
| mod_userdir | User-specific directories |
| mod_usertrack | Clickstream logging |
| mod_version | Version-dependent configuration |
| mod_vhost_alias | Dynamic configuration for virtual hosting |
| mod_watchdog | Periodic execution of tasks |
| mod_xml2enc | Foreign character sets for libxml2 filter modules |
See also
Web links
- httpd.apache.org - Official website (English)
- Apache web server security study. (PDF, 634 kB) Federal Office for Information Security , November 2002, accessed on January 29, 2010 .
- Link catalog about Apache at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.apache.org . (accessed on August 23, 2016).
- ^ Daniel Ruggeri: Apache HTTP Server 2.4.46 Released . August 7, 2020 (accessed August 7, 2020).
- ↑ linuxdocs.org . (accessed on August 23, 2016).
- ↑ github.com . (accessed on August 11, 2017).
- ^ The apache Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page . In: Open Hub . (accessed on September 26, 2018).
- ↑ projects.apache.org . In: Open Hub . (accessed on April 8, 2020).
- ↑ httpd.apache.org . (accessed April 7, 2016).
- ↑ www.apache.org . (accessed on August 23, 2016).
- ↑ Web Server Survey. Netcraft , Ltd., accessed April 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Why the name “Apache”? In: Apache Server Frequently Asked Questions. Apache Software Foundation, accessed November 3, 2015 .
- ↑ Apache FAQ (experimental first posting). In: Google groups. Google Inc., May 13, 1997, accessed January 29, 2010 .
- ↑ Upgrading to 2.4 from 2.2. Retrieved January 14, 2017 .
- ↑ Apache HTTP Server 2.4.43 Released. In: Apache HTTP Server. Apache Software Foundation, April 1, 2020, accessed May 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Apache Release History (English)
- ↑ Module Index - Apache HTTP Server. apache.org, accessed November 15, 2014 .