Apolipoprotein A1

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Apolipoprotein A1
Apolipoprotein A1
Two ApoA1 molecules (purple bands) in complex with cholesterol (orange domes) and phospholipids, according to PDB  3K2S

Existing structural data : 1av1 , 1gw3 , 1gw4

Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 243 amino acids
Identifier
Gene name APOA1
External IDs
Occurrence
Parent taxon Vertebrates

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the protein in vertebrate blood that holds HDL particles together from cholesterol and fatty acids . These particles are transported to the liver and the cholesterol is broken down or excreted there ( reverse cholesterol transport ). ApoA1 is also an indispensable cofactor for the enzyme LCAT , which contributes to the same metabolic pathway . It is also part of chylomicrons . In humans, APOA1 in the liver and small intestine expressed . Mutations in APOA1 can lead to hereditary ApoA1 deficiency, which can lead to HDL deficiency or FAP-III polyneuropathy .

ApoA1 belongs to the apolipoproteins , a group of transport proteins .

As part of the SPAP complex ApoA1 activates the motility of sperm . It interacts with ApoA1 binding protein and clusterin . In Alzheimer's patients , ApoA1 binds to beta amyloid and prevents damage from this protein. Infusions of ApoA1 are in clinical trials as a potential cure for atherosclerosis considered. Atherosclerotic patients show increased values ​​for ApoA1 nitrate .

In a study in a group in the northern Italian village of Limone on the west bank of Lake Garda, genetically determined high ApoA1 (Milano) values ​​were identified. The carriers of the gene can be traced back to a married couple from 1644.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Homologues at OMA
  2. ↑ UniProt P02647
  3. ^ Mendez AJ .: The promise of apolipoprotein AI mimetics . In: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. . 17, No. 2, April 2010, pp. 171-176. PMID 20125002 .
  4. ^ Paula-Lima AC, Tricerri MA, Brito-Moreira J, et al. : Human apolipoprotein AI binds amyloid-beta and prevents Abeta-induced neurotoxicity . In: Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol . 41, No. 6, June 2009, pp. 1361-1370. doi : 10.1016 / j.biocel.2008.12.003 . PMID 19130896 .
  5. ↑ Feng Y, Van Craeyveld E, Jacobs F, Lievens J, Snoeys J, De Geest B: Wild-type apo AI and apo AI (Milano) gene transfer reduce native and transplant arteriosclerosis to a similar extent . In: J Mol Med . 87, No. 3, March 2009, pp. 287-97. doi : 10.1007 / s00109-008-0427-y . PMID 19066833 .
  6. ↑ Bakillah A: Nitrated apolipoprotein AI, a potential new cardiovascular marker, is markedly increased in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subjects . In: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. . 47, No. 1, 2009, pp. 60-9. doi : 10.1515 / CCLM.2009.017 . PMID 19055467 .
  7. ↑ Long Life in Limone http://www.comune.limonesulgarda.bs.it/index.asp?lang=3&menu=96&art=363

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