Aporia
Under Aporie ( ancient Greek ἡ ἀπορία he Aporia , German , helplessness ' , actually, hopelessness', 'Weglosigkeit' of ὁ πόρος ho pόros , German , the way ' with Alpha privativum : ἄπορος ὤν áporos on , German , being no way out' `` Hopeless '') is understood to mean a problem that lies in the matter or in the terms to be clarified or a difficulty that arises from it, arises from it or is present in the fact that one comes to different opposing and contradicting results.
Concept history
With Socrates the aporia is an insoluble theoretical problem that enables the paradoxical knowledge of one's own ignorance: Socrates leads his interlocutors into the aporia with the help of maeutics in order to guide them in the search for truth (Greek ἀλήθεια ). In particular, the early Platonic dialogues as evidence of this philosophical strategy all end aporetic .
For Aristotle , an aporia is a task to be tackled, which is the beginning of an investigation and is the result of equally convincing arguments with contradicting conclusions. For Aristotle, aporetic as the art of thinking through and discussing unsolvable or difficult-to-solve problems is a separate research method.
In scholasticism , the aporetic method found its way into the scholastic philosophy of the Middle Ages as the quaestio method .
Aporia is also seen in the Minne lyric as incompatibility, e.g. B. the incompatibility between minne and êre , as postulated by Reinmar in his songs.
In rhetoric , the aporia is a figure of speech that illustrates the doubtfulness of a statement by the speaker.
The koan in Zen Buddhist meditation also has aporetic structure and function in a broader sense .
literature
- Michael Erler : The meaning of the aporias in the dialogues of Plato. Exercise pieces for instruction in philosophical thinking (= studies of ancient literature and history. Vol. 25). de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1987, ISBN 3-11-010704-X .
- Wolfgang Wieland : Aporias of practical reason (= science and the present. Spiritual scientific series, vol. 65). Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-465-02203-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aporia. In: Anton Hügli , Poul Lübcke (Ed.): Philosophielexikon. People and concepts of occidental philosophy from antiquity to the present (= Rowohlt's encyclopedia. 55453). 5th edition, completely revised and expanded new edition. Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-499-55453-4 .