Pharmacists without limits
| Pharmacists Without Borders Germany V. | |
|---|---|
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| legal form | non-profit registered association |
| founding | 2000 |
| Seat | Munich ( ⊙ ) |
| main emphasis | pharmaceutical and medical aid |
| method | Education, action, help |
| Chair | Jochen Schreeck (1st chairman) |
| Website | www.apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de |
Pharmacists Without Borders Germany V. (AoG) was originally founded as the national agency of Pharmaciens Sans Frontières in 2000. The association works worldwide and is committed to both long-term development cooperation and short-term humanitarian aid for people in need.
origin
Pharmacists Without Borders is the translation of the aid organization Pharmaciens sans frontières , which was founded in France in 1985 on the model of Doctors Without Borders . After following the example from France in several countries and establishing national organizations, the umbrella organization Pharmaciens sans frontières Comité International (PSFCI) was set up. This not only coordinates the operations of the national associations, but also carries out projects independently. All partner organizations have committed to respect the international charter of the PSF Group.
Structure and organization
7 full-time employees work in the Munich office. This is regularly checked by a 7-member board. A large part of the work is carried out by volunteers who are currently organized in 10 different regional groups. The main tasks and goals are set at the annual general meeting as the highest decision-making body of the association. In order to be able to cope with the diverse tasks, Pharmacists Without Borders work together with numerous partner organizations.
aims
The aim of all activities is to improve health care in developing countries. The focus of her work is:
drug
Medicines of tested quality according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization on essential medicines ( Essential Drug List ) are made available by the association.
Training (education and training)
In the project countries, AoG promotes the training of pharmaceutical personnel and organizes training courses, for example on hygiene or the organization of a drug store. In Germany, AoG conducts regular training courses for interested members, in which potential emergency services are introduced to the basics of humanitarian work for pharmacists. AoG also conducts pharmaceutical training courses for partner organizations.
Public relations / education
The association works against counterfeit medicines (e.g. in the WHO IMPACT project ) and provides information about good drug donation practice.
Guiding principles
AoG
- is committed to the principles of the Code of Conduct for Humanitarian Aid and helps regardless of religion, skin color or nationality.
- clarifies grievances and advocates the right to health.
- is accountable to recipients, donors and the public.
- complies with international standards and contributes to their further development.
- works with qualified personnel and ensures their training and further education.
- is supported by the voluntary commitment of its members.
- works in partnership at all levels.
- acts in a needs-based, pragmatic and impact-oriented manner.
timeline
37 pharmacists founded the association in 2000. The German pharmacist Thomas Scior, who works in Mexico, gave the impetus to found the association.
In 2001 the AoG looked after the aid pharmacy in the Barticesti Monastery in Romania. Soon afterwards, the next projects were launched: patient care in Mexico, construction of a health center in Argentina and the purchase of pharmaceuticals for Tanzania. All of them are long-term projects, the intention of which is to improve structures in health care.
The first emergency response was to the victims of the earthquake in India in 2001. After the tsunami in December 2004, numerous teams took turns with volunteer pharmacists on the coasts of Sri Lanka. Measures to rebuild the country's destroyed infrastructure followed.
Pharmaceutical know-how is not only required for supplying patients with medicines, but also for the disposal of donated pharmaceutical waste. In 2006, for example, after the earthquake in Indonesia, 50 tons of unusable medicines had to be properly disposed of; In 2008, expired pharmaceuticals were disposed of in Myanmar. Emergency operations took place in Haiti (2008, 2010), Kenya (2008, 2011), Pakistan (2005) and Sri Lanka (2004), among others.
Emergency operations since 2012
Balkans (flood)
In May 2014, the people in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia were hit by a devastating flood: entire stretches of land were under water for weeks and the clean-up and construction work posed major challenges for the government agencies and aid organizations.
Pharmacists Without Borders sent trained personnel to investigate pharmaceutical needs on site and to initiate relief measures. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, the hospital in Odžak was supported with a shipment of essential medicines that had been procured in Sarajevo.
In Serbia, the association supported the hospitals in the flood-affected areas of Obrenovac, Paracin, Kupanj, Lazarevac, Smederevska Palanka and Veliki Crljani with painkillers and disinfectants. The drugs were obtained from a local wholesaler via the state central pharmacy in Belgrade and delivered to the hospitals.
The association was able to fall back on local cooperations in both countries. In Belgrade, AoG worked closely with Serbian pharmacists who supported the organization and monitoring of the measures. Plans to found a Serbian Association of Pharmacists Without Borders were pushed ahead. In Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia, AoG received support from the local offices of Help Deutschland eV, which has been active in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia since the mid-1990s. Due to the long presence and the good networking within the local structures, Help eV was able to provide immediate emergency aid after the flood and also significantly support the coordination with other aid organizations.
Liberia (Ebola)
In 2014, together with the medical aid organization Action medeor , the AoG sent important aids such as protective suits, glasses, breathing masks, overshoes, thermometers and medicines to the Gerlib Clinic in the Liberian capital Monrovia to help against the rapidly spreading Ebola epidemic. The entire health system of Liberia threatens to collapse under the burden of Ebola. Many hospitals and health facilities in the country have had to be closed or are completely overburdened, pregnant women and people with diseases such as malaria that are common in the area can hardly find any help. The Gerlib Clinic has since resumed regular operations.
Philippines (Typhoon Haiyan)
In early November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan devastated large parts of the Philippines. After the Philippine government issued an international call for help, AoG and the Bavarian aid organization Navis e. V. in November 2014 for a joint effort. After the fact finding team had sounded out the situation on site and found a place of action, the first team dispatched drugs, including an Interagency Emergency Health Kit and a drinking water treatment system procured by AoG . The team set up an outpatient clinic to ensure basic health care for the population and to treat injuries sustained by the storm and the cleanup. In addition, a team of Navis doctors and an AoG pharmacist looked after patients in remote areas with a mobile clinic. In addition to health care, the emergency teams made drinking water available to the population, carried out repairs on the church, cleared out the school, gave it a temporary roof and helped rebuild the infrastructure in many corners.
In addition, the association started a new cooperation with German Doctors in the Philippines in November 2014 . Pharmacists Without Borders support the German Doctors, who have been involved in several projects in the country since 1983 in optimizing their warehouse management and drug procurement.
Germany (refugee aid)
Many refugees need quick health care, but the as yet unregistered refugees in particular lacked quick coverage of medical and pharmaceutical costs. From September 2015, AoG will therefore dock pharmacists with the voluntary health teams in the initial reception facilities, especially in Berlin and Rostock. The volunteer pharmacists take care of a. for the procurement, advice and logistics of drugs, the creation of basic drug lists and the information about correct drug donations in compliance with the applicable laws.
Throughout Germany, up to 20 AoG colleagues and 5 employees from the AoG office have worked in refugee aid. In Berlin alone, 14 colleagues were active ad honorem in up to 20 emergency shelters.
Until March 2015, AoG financed drug donations worth around € 60,000 (sales price of the pharmacy, as prescription drugs are price-linked) or organized them through targeted drug donations from the industry.
Long term projects
Argentina
The organization became active in 2002 as a result of the economic crisis in Argentina: The supply of medicines, the construction of functioning pharmacies in health centers in slums, extensive renovation work of the health centers, dental hygiene projects for children, detection and treatment of Chagas disease , as well as prevention work, are in various slums . Training and education in the health sector on the program.
The economic crisis of 2002 radically changed Argentina. Many middle class citizens suddenly found themselves without savings and without work. The economic recovery of the following years did not reach the poorer classes: the slums have been growing for years.
The public health system in the province of Buenos Aires is experiencing massive difficulties: at the end of February 2008, the governor at the time classified it as an "administrative emergency". For years, there has been a shortage of specialist staff, medicines and equipment in public hospitals and health centers in the slums.
More than 100,000 people live in slums in the General San Martin district of Buenos Aires Province. Almost half of the population did not go to school for more than seven years and thus had difficulties on the job market. More than two thirds have no health insurance. Drinking water connections are improvised. Problems with sewage and garbage disposal are the order of the day. Drug trafficking and acquisitive crime have made the slums and the district unsafe.
Since 2008 the AoG have been supporting health center No. 16 in Villa Zagala in the San Martín district with medicines and a volunteer team of seven pharmacists. Programs for the chronically ill have been set up since 2010 because the costs of their medication and the consequential damage caused by non-treatment place a heavy burden on families. Since many residents have moved from the north of the country, where in some areas up to 50% of the people are Chagas-positive, testing and treatment for Chagas infection was offered from 2011. From 2012 onwards, the AoG expanded the project component on dental health significantly, as even small children have destroyed milk teeth due to their high-sugar diet. For this they received funding from the German Dentists Foundation .
The work of the AoG has been recognized several times, for example the dental hygiene project of the health center No. 16 at the Argentine National Congress of General Practitioners awarded as "best interdisciplinary work" (2009), 2011 received a work in which the drug delivery in slums with or without a pharmacist was compared over 12 months, 1st prize at the Argentine Pharmacists Congress and in 2015 the results of the work of Pharmacists Without Borders in the slums of Buenos Aires were presented at the World Congress of Pharmacy in Düsseldorf.
Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa is one of the poorest countries in the world. Corruption and conflicts between the many different ethnic groups, the resulting dissatisfaction and extreme poverty lead to conditions similar to civil war that have lasted for almost 20 years.
Johanniter has been operating a branch in Goma, the capital of the province of North Kivu, for 15 years. From there, depending on the project, 8–15 health centers and hospitals in villages, some of which are several hours away by car, are supplied with the most important medicines, medical devices and bandages. The nurses and doctors responsible for this are supported with the help of training courses, but also financially.
The order with which the Johanniter office in Berlin approached the Pharmacists Without Borders in the summer of 2015 concerns the recording of the existing processes and documentation in the pharmaceutical logistics in the main pharmaceutical warehouse of the central pharmacy in Goma and some selected health facilities. In addition, AoG advises which active ingredients, in which dosage and dosage form, and how often are needed against certain diseases. Furthermore, AoG evaluates the training needs of the employees in the pharmacy in Goma, the staff of the health stations and the hospitals.
AoG evaluates the drug suppliers with regard to the quality of the drugs and the ability to deliver; if necessary, alternatives must be sought.
To simplify / optimize the costs of processes, communication and purchasing in the central warehouse pharmacy, AoG is introducing a merchandise management software.
The German AoG pharmacists work closely with their local colleagues in Goma, so that a mutual understanding of structures and work processes arises. Changes are made by mutual agreement and the individual needs and circumstances of the country are taken into account and taken into account.
The aim is to provide economical, effective and well-documented pharmaceutical care for the poor population.
Germany
Since 2013 the organization has supported the association “Armut und Gesundheit in Deutschland e. V. “and the medical outpatient clinics of the homeless doctor Prof.Dr.med Gerhard Trabert on the Mainz citadel and in a doctor's mobile. Several specialists from various disciplines volunteer to care for homeless people and people in general need in cooperation with other health care facilities, health insurance companies, employment services and political institutions. Since the end of 2015, reception facilities for refugees have also been looked after.
The association advises the team of doctors and nurses on the selection and legally compliant procurement of the required drugs. For the relevant indication areas, AoG has mutually defined the needs and developed clear, patient-oriented drug recommendations. Pharmacists Without Borders also provide continuous assistance with the storage and monitoring of drugs.
For these tasks, a small project team has been formed in the Rhine-Main area, which plans and accompanies the medical team organisationally and technically the supply of medicines to the outpatient departments.
Haiti
The organization was involved in aid projects in Haiti between 2008 and 2013. The focus of all efforts was to provide those most in need with access to basic health care and essential medicines. After emergency aid missions in 2008 (hurricane) and 2010 (earthquake) as well as a cholera intervention (2010–2011), AoG was involved in the medium term expansion of a health center in the city of Léogâne, southwest of the capital Port-au-Prince.
AoG employees were on site several times a year at the Maria Jean von Léogâne health center and the integrated pharmacy , trained the local employees and helped to further improve the storage and ordering of medicines and patient care. In addition to the personnel costs, the association also contributed to the general operating costs of the center, in which around 17,500 patients are cared for annually, and financed the purchase of the necessary medicines through Action medeor in Germany and locally in Haiti.
The new health center building was inaugurated in February 2013 and handed over to local hands by the end of the year. A Haitian pharmacist who was paid and trained by AoG also took over the management of the new pharmacy.
Haiti is a good example of how an emergency response can turn into a long-term commitment. A humanitarian mission immediately after the devastating earthquake turned into a reconstruction project with the aim of sustainably improving health care for the population.
Mexico
In Mexico, too, the organization attaches great importance to the support and training of local health officers. In several regions, seminars are held every six months and the so-called “Promotores de Salud” are equipped with essential basic medication in order to be able to adequately care for the indigenous population.
The remote location of many indigenous communities in the mountains creates numerous obstacles to health care: transport routes and roads are in poor condition; some places can only be reached on foot. Communication is difficult and the telephone network is unstable. The soil erosion limited the cultivation of corn, beans and peppers on their own needs of the people. Unemployment is high. The communities in the mountains are politically neglected.
A large part of the indigenous population lives in the poorest conditions: These people cannot afford drugs and medical care, and the state supply in rural areas is inadequate.
In autumn 2013, devastating cyclones in Mexico hit the coastal and mountainous region, especially in the state of Guerrero, the AoG project area. In the 15 communities looked after by AoG and its cooperation partner Justicia y Amor in the mountain region between Tlapa and Ayutla de los Libres, the huts of more than 200 families were completely destroyed by the floods and mudslides. A team from the two organizations brought necessary relief supplies to the communities.
In 2014, the group training courses of the Promotores de Salud on topics such as the production of herbal medicines from medicinal plants in the region and the individual training courses for individual promoters on basic diagnostics and essential medicines were continued in order to support the newer promoters in their work. With a total of three training courses on topics such as first aid, dental hygiene and infections, the program supported by AoG in 2015 was quite extensive. In addition to the central project element of the training courses, basic medicines were once again delivered to 15 communities in the state of Guerrero, as well as one community each in Oaxaca and Puebla. Also in 2015, cooperation with Mexican pharmacy students from the University of Puebla was intensified to jointly strengthen the role of pharmacy in humanitarian aid in Mexico.
Moldova
Some material resources such as B. Medicines, medical devices and aids.
The association has been involved in this country, which is one of the poorest countries in Europe, since 2003. In close cooperation with the Moldovan NGO Ajutor Copiilor (Help for Children), numerous projects were implemented, which in particular served the better medical care of children. The association was supported by the French NGO Pediatres du Monde .
Maternity wards across the country have been using medical devices and the vitamin K treatment. All children's wards in the country were also supported with equipment for basic care (including infusion pumps, suction devices, baby scales and catheter material). In a pilot project, all children suffering from diabetes received glucose measuring strips for self-monitoring over several years. The eye clinic of the children's hospital in the capital received special drugs for many years. The Moldovan NGO “Caritas” has also received medication for the particularly needy for several years.
At three wards for premature babies in Chisinau, the hygienic conditions were significantly improved through targeted training of the medical staff, the purchase of disinfectants and paper towels as well as the associated containers and holders, thus reducing the reinfection rate of premature babies. In cooperation with the Pharmaceutical Faculty of the University of Chisinau, the development of a state-owned disinfectant was supported in a pilot project. Important equipment was purchased for this project and for the training of the students.
In addition to the pharmaceutical faculty, a PTA school in Chisinau was also supplied with teaching material, equipment and chemicals in order to improve the education of PTA students.
Nepal
Health post in Baglung
The project area is located in the Baglung and Parbat districts, about 300 km west of Kathmandu in a low mountain range. Around 270,000 people live in the Baglung district and around 150,000 in the Parbat district. Their living situation is characterized by great poverty and deprivation. The health workers in the health posts are often insufficiently trained. The hygienic conditions and the storage of medicines are well below international standards.
The organization began its project work in the Baglung district in 2009 with the evaluation and subsequent equipment of the health posts with the most necessary aids, such as a stretcher, treatment chairs or autoclaves, as well as furniture for the proper storage of the drugs. The association works with the local partner organization SWAN (Social Welfare Association of Nepal).
In order to increase the health awareness of the population in the Baglung district, the association, partly together with the Sankalpa Foundation, which was founded by Nepalese pharmacists, carried out training courses for health workers at the health posts, as well as for women's groups and selected interest groups. Training topics were hygiene, drug storage, health awareness, proper disposal of drugs and “Good Dispensing Practice”. A Nepalese project manager takes care of the individual projects on site and is in constant contact with the German project coordinators.
In 2013 the organization and the Sankalpa Foundation completed the joint project “Sankalpa Chronic Care Clinic Project on Hypertension, Diabetes and Asthma” to improve the education and care of the chronically ill in the city of Pokhara. In this project, 90 patients with high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma received intensive pharmaceutical care for ten months. The team consisted of two Nepalese pharmacists, a nurse, two doctors and a medical assistant.
In 2014, a health camp was held in the Baglung district under the leadership of SWAN. Within three days, around 1,300 people were examined and treated by various Nepalese doctors from various specialties. They were then supplied with the necessary medicines in the "Camp Pharmacy", in which two members of Pharmacists Without Borders also worked.
In April 2015, a major earthquake shook the state. The organization offered help on site alongside other aid organizations. In Bhaktapur, east of Kathmandu, the association set up an emergency clinic and pharmacy together with the NAVIS organization and cared for dozens of injured and traumatized people every day.
The largest project to date began in 2016, which is being implemented in the two districts of Baglung and Parbat and developed in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Population. The STP program ( Standard Treatment Protocol ) is about making targeted diagnoses and using standardized treatments with the appropriate medication for the respective diseases. The drugs come from the WHO Essential Drug List. This is to avoid that patients are prescribed wrong and too many drugs. The STP program will improve treatment and drug delivery to more than 400,000 people.
Reconstruction of 8 health posts in Gorkha and Sindupalchowk after the earthquake on April 25, 2015
After the devastating earthquakes in Nepal in April and May 2015, AoG supported the reconstruction on site, which was supported by donations.
In July 2015, after preparations, a partner contract was signed with action medeor and SWAN. The long-standing Nepalese partner SWAN was responsible for carrying out the construction work on site, so that eight semi-permanent health posts could be rebuilt in the badly affected districts of Ghorka and Sindhupalchowk by the end of March 2016.
The project was hampered by a number of unforeseeable problems: In autumn 2015, the “petrol crisis” paralyzed all activities for several months: the new constitution led to unrest, strikes and blockades, increasingly on the border with India. As a result, only a fraction of the daily gasoline requirement reached Nepal. The little gasoline available was used to transport people, so no building materials could be transported to the remote areas.
But these imponderables were mastered, so that now in Baruwa, Borlang, Ganku, Gunsakot, Jaubari / Dhaurapani, Ranchowk / Saurpani, Ratamata and Sera / Dhuwakot health posts with earthquake-proof foundations, three treatment rooms and sanitary facilities each are the first point of contact for people on site in case of illness serve.
It was important to AoG that the health posts are equipped with furniture, medical accessories and a first set of medicines. After the handover to the village committee, the first patients could be treated immediately.
The Nepalese Reconstruction Agency and the Ministry of Health are now working on long-term reconstruction, which is controlled centrally by the government.
Kenya
Public health care is still inadequate in many parts of Kenya. There is a lack of trained staff, medicines and materials. Very few people can afford private clinics and doctors. Counterfeit drugs and drugs of poor quality are also a problem.
The organization has been active in Kenya since 2011. Together with the local partner amref health africa, they have improved the pharmaceutical competence of the “clinical outreach program”, in which more than 30 clinics in Kenya are flown from Nairobi and supplied with medicines, medical expertise and material requirements. Since 2014, AoG has also been running training courses for employees from hospital pharmacies in Kenya together with amref in order to train them in warehouse management and the use of medicines and aids. This is to ensure that the scarce resources are used in the best possible way. So far, 80 employees from different clinics have been trained.
As a second project in Kenya, the organization supports the Baraka health center run by the German Doctors in Mathare Slum Valley. Here, so-called “standard operating procedures” (SOPs) are worked out together with the pharmacists and training courses are carried out for the hospital staff. In addition, the merchandise management system developed by AoG is introduced.
Philippines
Since November 2014 the organization has been supporting the regional projects of the German Doctors in the Philippines with regard to the warehouse management of pharmaceuticals.
This includes the selection of suitable, preferably local wholesalers, training for pharmacy employees and the implementation of warehouse management software. The aim is to receive drugs reliably and in good quality, to avoid drug bottlenecks or surpluses, so that donated funds can be used optimally.
On Mindanao, the second largest island in the archipelago, the focus of pharmaceutical advice is on two pharmacies for the supply of basic medical hospitals for the poor in Valencia and Buda, as well as a central pharmacy in Cagayan de Oro. These pharmacies also supply four German Doctors' mobile clinics, the so-called "Rolling Clinics". They consist of a team of German doctors and local health workers who travel to remote rural regions without a health infrastructure to care for the sick in need.
Further north, in Cebu, the organization is in charge of a drug store to supply slum ambulances, and in Manila the drug store of a mobile clinic that provides medical and pharmaceutical care to patients far away from civilization on the neighboring island of Mindoro.
Syria (civil war)
Since March 2011 there has been a civil war in Syria with devastating consequences. At the end of 2015, according to the UNHCR, almost 12 million Syrians were on the run in their own country and over 4 million had fled abroad. Since the end of 2012, the aid organization has been supporting a polyclinic on the Turkish-Syrian border on a regular basis with pharmaceutical expertise and appropriate drug and aid donations. The polyclinic of Dr. Najjar ensures free medical help for registered and non-registered refugees near the border and enables treatment without additional language barriers by involving Syrian employees. The employees are z. Some of them are Syrian refugees themselves and work there on a voluntary basis. In addition to supporting the Polyclinic in Reyhanli, which has meanwhile moved to Antakya, AoG, together with the German-Syrian Association Darmstadt , succeeded in transporting pharmaceuticals worth 10,000 euros, donated by the French aid organization Tulipe , to Aleppo in the summer of 2013 to organize. The medicines went to hospitals in central Aleppo.
Tanzania
Since 2008 the association has been supporting the procurement of medicines in a hospital ward in Hanga, Tanzania. Over 20,000 people live in their catchment area.
In the ranking of the Human Development Index in 2014, Tanzania ranked 151st out of 188 countries examined. Child mortality is very high, life expectancy averages 61 years. In the south of the country, the people in the country live from cattle breeding, arable farming and small livestock. The income is sufficient for your own nutrition, but not for resale. Most of them lack funds for medication and health care. However, financial support alone is not enough to improve health care. Like almost everywhere in Africa, the people and medical staff in Hanga are confronted with counterfeit medicines.
With the support of the association, it is possible to order the pharmaceutical supplies in Dar es Salaam from the branch of the German drug aid organization Action medeor . In this way, patients can be treated with safe medicines. The association checks the requirements from Germany and bears half the costs of these orders.
Awards
- First prize for AoG at the South American pharmacists' congress FeFaS (2012)
- The work “Adherence to oral drug therapy for type II diabetics in a slum in the presence or absence of pharmacists in the health team” received the award for the second time in a row in the “Atención Farmacéutica” section, in which 34 posters were presented.
- Pharmacy Award for Social Commitment (2015)
- For the worldwide help for people in need, especially for the emergency aid during the earthquake in Nepal, Pharmacists Without Borders and their CEO Jochen Schreeck received the Pharmacy Award.
- Federal Cross of Merit for AoG member (2016)
- Member Eva-Christine Trischler received the Federal Cross of Merit personally presented by Federal President Joachim Gauck for her many years of voluntary work as a pharmacist.
- VISION.A Award Silver (2016)
- For the project “Die Pille Rollt”, initiated by voluntary members, the organization was awarded 2nd place among 50 companies and agencies in the category “Sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives”.
Web links
swell
- http://www.psfde.org/
- http://www.drugdonations.org/de/de_index.html
- http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17066e/s17066e.pdf
- “Le Médicament, parlons-en” - LEEM, page III-34, October 2006.
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de/uber-uns/unsere-mission/
- ↑ https://www.apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de/uber-uns/wer-wir-sind/
- ↑ Pharmaciens sans frontièrs CI: historique (accessed on September 5, 2013)
- ↑ International Charter of the PSF Group ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de
- ↑ apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de ( Memento from March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de
- ↑ apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de ( Memento from March 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Essential Drug List
- ↑ IMPACT project
- ↑ Emergency operations by Pharmacists Without Borders ( Memento from October 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Human Development Report 2015 . Ed .: German Society for the United Nations eV Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin ( undp.org [PDF; 9.3 MB ; accessed on November 1, 2016]). Page 248.
- ↑ apotheker-ohne-grenzen.de ( Memento from April 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
- ↑ bundespraesident.de
- ↑ apotheke-adhoc.de
