Typhoon Haiyan

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Typhoon Haiyan 海燕 (Yolanda)
Typhoon ( JMA )
Category 5 Super Typhoon ( SSHWS )
Typhoon Haiyan on November 7th, at its peak
Typhoon Haiyan on November 7th, at its peak
Emergence 3rd November 2013
resolution 11th. November.2013
Peak wind
speed
230  km / h (145  mph ) (10 minutes sustained)
315  km / h (195  mph ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 895  hPa ( mbar )
dead 6340 confirmed
Property damage $ 2.86 billion (2013)
Affected
areas 		Chuuk , Yap , Palau , Philippines , People's Republic of China , Vietnam
Season overview:
Pacific typhoon season 2013
Typhoon Haiyan 2013-11-12 0000.png

Typhoon Haiyan ( Chinese  海燕  - " Petrel "), international name in 1330 , the Philippines Typhoon Yolanda , was the 30th tropical cyclone and thirteenth typhoon of the Pacific typhoon season in 2013 and one of the strongest tropical cyclones since the beginning of reliable weather records were observed. Haiyan caused great damage and a high number of direct victims in the Philippines. The islands of the Visayas group in the central Philippines were hardest hit .

course

Track of the storm
Video of the process (animation)
The typhoon hits land (radar image)

On November 2nd, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring an extensive area of ​​low pressure about 425 km east-southeast of Pohnpei , one of the states of Micronesia . The system exhibited interrupted band structures and a steadily consolidating atmospheric convection . The conditions in the area around the train path were favorable for tropical cyclogenesis and the weather models predicted the formation of a well-defined tropical cyclone within 72 hours.

Early on November 3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression. Due to the consolidating ground level circulation center (LLCC) with building up deep convection, the JTWC also declared the system as a tropical depression shortly after issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert .

The following intensification caused the JMA to upgrade the system to a tropical storm at 0:00 UTC on November 4th and to assign the storm name Haiyan . In the meantime, the JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical storm, with the expansive system steadily consolidating in a zone of weak to moderate vertical wind shear and moving westward along the southern periphery of a subtropical front .

The next day, the storm intensified rapidly while clearly recognizable dense clouds with one eye in them developed. Based on this formation of an eye, the JTWC assumes that Haiyan reached the status of a typhoon on November 5 at around 0:00 UTC. The JMA made the upgrade 18 hours later. At that time, the JTWC assumed that the one-minute wind speeds reached around 195 km / h.

The typhoon, which is relatively small in area and only about 110 km in diameter, intensified rapidly on November 6th. On that day, a pinhole eye with a diameter of 11 km formed, and the discharge at altitude and a tropical high trough in the upper troposphere (TUTT) in the northeast favored further development. Intense shower activity along Haiyan's southern periphery also flowed into the system. Early on November 6th, the JTWC assumed that Haiyan had intensified into a super typhoon. On that day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigned the typhoon the local name Yolanda , as it had reached their area of ​​responsibility. Intensification slowed somewhat over the course of the day, but the JTWC estimated that Haiyan had reached Category 5 at 12 p.m. UTC. At that point, the typhoon revealed an eye 15 km in diameter surrounded by a ring of deep convection. A few hours later, the eye of the typhoon hit land for the first time on Kayangel Island in Palau .

At around 12 noon UTC on November 7th, Haiyan reached its peak with ten-minute wind speeds of 235 km / h and a central minimum air pressure of 895  hPa . Six hours later, the JTWC estimated that the one-minute wind speeds reached 315 km / h and the gusts of the typhoon reached 380 km / h. The typhoon had some of the distinctive features of an annular tropical cyclone at this stage , although a strong convection streak remained on the west side of the system.

At around 7 p.m. UTC on November 7, the center of the typhoon crossed the coastal city of Guiuan in the Philippine province of Eastern Samar in the phase of peak intensity. The interaction with the country led the cyclone to a slight deterioration of the structure, but Haiyan was an exceptionally powerful storm when these 20-21 UTC Tolosa (Leyte) on Leyte met. The mountainous landscape of the Philippines disrupted the inflow near the ground and led to a steady weakening. The convection flattened out a little and the eye contracted and was filled with clouds. The center of the typhoon reached five more times on its way through the Visayas by land: over the island of Bantayan , in the municipalities of Daanbantayan and Bogo City on Cebu, and over the islands of Panay and Busuanga . Haiyan entered the South China Sea late November 8th . The core of the storm was clearly disrupted during the move through the Philippines, and only part of the wall around the jagged, cloud-filled eye remained intact. But in contrast to the appearance, the JTWC assumed that the typhoon still reached one-minute wind speeds of 235 km / h at this time. The JMA estimated the ten-minute wind speeds at 165 km / h.

In the further course, up to November 9th, a structural reorganization of the system took place and the band structures wrapped themselves tightly around the re-forming eye. Before the storm front, however, conditions worsened due to cool, stable air that got into circulation on the western side of the storm. This made the convection flatter in the center. On its way across the South China Sea, Haiyan took a more north-westerly path on late November 9, and also moved north-westerly on November 10 on the south-western edge of the subtropical front, which had previously created a more westerly current. The proximity to Hainan Island and Vietnam continued to weaken on November 10 as the typhoon passed through the Gulf of Tonkin . Before Haiyan's last landfall in northern Vietnam, a rapid weakening set in and increasing wind shear offset the convection north of the circulation center. At around 9:00 p.m. UTC on the same day, Haiyan in Haiphong hit the mainland as a severe tropical storm with wind speeds of 110 km / h for ten minutes. Overland, Haiyan took a more easterly track because the subtropical west wind zone became the primary control factor. At 12:00 UTC on November 11th, Haiyan weakened to a tropical depression over the Guangxi Autonomous Region of China .

Preparations

The government of Palau ordered a mandatory evacuation for Kayangel, which was ignored by most of the residents.

On November 9, 2013, around 600,000 people from four particularly endangered areas were brought to safety in Vietnam and distributed to government buildings and schools in the Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng region.

Effects

Micronesia and Palau

On Kayangel, Palau, the storm surge damaged several houses and strong winds knocked down trees. Despite residents' refusal to obey evacuation orders, there were no fatal or serious injuries on the island. Aid goods were brought to the island with helicopters and the damage assessed. On Koror, Babeldaob and Kayangel the storm interrupted the supply of drinking water and electricity. In Koror, the wind, which reached up to 120 km / h, covered roofs of houses and knocked down trees and supply lines. A dam that connected a hospital off the island with the main island had to be closed at short notice because the storm surge flooded the dam. At the northern end of Babeldaob, the storm damaged school buildings and homes. Kayangel was completely flooded during the typhoon passage and all homes were destroyed, leaving 69 islanders homeless.

Philippines

Destruction in Tacloban City (November 14, 2013)

In the Philippines, the storm hit the islands of Leyte and Samar . Numerous deaths have been reported from Tacloban City , capital of Leyte Province . The airport Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport was heavily damaged. The authorities put the number of deaths in the Leyte province at around 10,000. The authorities also announced that around 4.3 million people in the two provinces of Leyte and Samar are homeless and in need of help. Looting took place in the disaster area after the storm subsided.

International relief efforts have been initiated. The German federal government provided 500,000 euros as emergency aid. Many aid organizations, including the international organizations Doctors Without Borders and Misereor , have called for donations. With the Google Missing Search, Google Inc. made it possible to search for missing relatives and acquaintances. The extent of the devastation has also prompted private support measures, e.g. B. Equip children with a typhoon-proof backpack as a floating lifeline.

The media coverage was concentrated almost exclusively on the city of Tacloban because journalists could fly there in military planes. The damage in the city of Guiuan with around 50,000 inhabitants, which was the first to be hit by Typhoon Haiyan and almost completely razed to the ground, as aerial photos by the Philippine army show, received little attention from the media.

Vietnam and China

In Vietnam, in the north of which Haiyan was weakened by the tropical storm and finally moved overland, heavy rain and flooding occurred. In the country's central provinces, at least six people died as a result of the storm's outer rainbands. In Sanya , People's Republic of China, an anchored cargo ship broke loose and the six-person crew has been missing since then. In the area of New Taipei on Taiwan , 26 people were heavy seas, the Typhoon Haiyan caused, swept out to sea; only 18 of them could be saved.

Extremes

Based on wind values, Haiyan is the second strongest tropical cyclone in the northwestern Pacific Ocean since reliable records began, along with Typhoon Bess in typhoon season 1982 and Typhoon Megi in typhoon season 2010 . Only Typhoon Tip of the 1979 typhoon season achieved higher wind speeds.

According to the methodology of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Haiyan is the fourth strongest recorded typhoon in terms of one-minute wind speeds, after Typhoon Ida (325 km / h) in 1958, Typhoon Violet (335 km / h) in 1961 and Typhoon Nancy (345 km / h) km / h) in 1961. However, since the wind speeds of the typhoons in the 1950s and 1960s were set too high, Haiyan is considered to be the strongest typhoon to date based on one-minute wind speeds. After the minimum central air pressure, Haiyan is the fourth most intense tropical cyclone in the northwestern Pacific at 895  hPa . Since the typhoon hardly lost its intensity over land, it is the strongest tropical cyclone at the moment of landfall, with wind speeds of 305 to 315 km / h. Typhoon Haiyan broke the record set by Hurricane Camille in Mississippi in 1969 .

Estimates that were made with the Dvorak technique on the basis of satellite images during the peak phase of the typhoon resulted in T # 8.0, the highest value on the corresponding scale; the structure of the storm exceeded the maximum intensity on the scale because "the Dvorak technique does not take into account that an eye embedded so deeply in the cloud ceiling is as cold as 'cold dark gray'", stated the satellite analysis department of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Some of the automatic weather models calculated with the intensity value T # 8.1, which exceeded the upper limit of the scale. Based on the satellite images, NOAA also assumed that Haiyan's minimum air pressure was between 858 hPa and 884 hPa.

See also

Web links

Commons : Taifun Haiyan  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint unit of the United States Navy and the United States Air Force , which issues warnings of tropical storms in the western Pacific Ocean and other marine areas primarily for United States facilities.
  2. ↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the Pacific Ocean north of the equator and west of the dateline .
  3. ↑ Super Typhoon is the name of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for a typhoon with one-minute wind speeds of at least 240 km / h; this corresponds to category 4 or 5 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale .
  4. ↑ The expression "cold dark gray" refers to the color value that shows the temperature of the cloud upper limit on infrared satellite images and means a temperature below −80 ° C.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Update: Effects of Typhoon Yolanda . NDRRMC. April 17, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 21, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ndrrmc.gov.ph
  2. ↑ Catalog of Life, China: 2013 Annual Checklist: Family Hydrobatidae. (No longer available online.) In: Species 2000 China Node. Biodiversity Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences, archived from the original on June 10, 2015 ; Retrieved November 17, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / base.sp2000.cn
  3. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  4. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 2, 2013. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  5. ↑ Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2000 ( English , PDF; 1.2 MB) Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  6. ↑ WWJP25 RJTD 030000 ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 3, 2013. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.
  7. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Thirty-One) Warning Nr 001 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navypublisher = United States Navy. November 3, 2013. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  8. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (WTPN22 PGTW 030530) ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navypublisher = United States Navy. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  9. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 040000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 4, 2013. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.
  10. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 004 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navypublisher = United States Navy. November 4, 2013. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.
  11. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 050000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.
  12. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 008 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.
  13. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 051800 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.
  14. ↑ Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 011 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navypublisher = United States Navy. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  15. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 011 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  16. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 012 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 6, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  17. ↑ Gary Padgett, Kevin Boyle and Simon Clarke: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary - October 2006 ( English , TXT) Typhoon 2000. 21 February 2007. Retrieved on November 11, 2013.
  18. ^ Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number One ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. November 6, 2013. Archived from the original on November 7, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  19. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 014 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 6, 2013. Archived from the original on November 7, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  20. ↑ a b c d Palau assesses damage after Super Typhoon Haiyan (English) , Australian Broadcasting Corporation. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013. 
  21. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 071200 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  22. ↑ a b c Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 19 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved on November 8, 2013.
  23. ↑ a b Jeff Masters : Super Typhoon Haiyan Finishes Pounding the Philippines, Headed for Vietnam ( English ) Weather Underground (weather service). November 8, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  24. ^ Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number Six ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved on November 9, 2013.
  25. ^ A b Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number Seven ( English ) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved on November 9, 2013.
  26. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 020 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved on November 9, 2013.
  27. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 021 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved on November 9, 2013.
  28. ↑ PAGASA: Typhoon Yolanda exits PAR ( English ) GMA News. November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  29. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 023 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  30. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 082100 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved on November 9, 2013.
  31. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 024 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  32. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 025 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  33. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 028 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 10, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  34. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 030 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 10, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  35. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 31 ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 10, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  36. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 102100 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 10, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved on November 10, 2013.
  37. ↑ Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 032 (Final) ( English ) In: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy. November 10, 2013. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved on November 12, 2013.
  38. ↑ WTPQ21 RJTD 111200 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory ( English ) Japan Meteorological Agency. November 11, 2013. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved on November 12, 2013.
  39. ^ Spiegel online : Superstorm sets course for Vietnam. November 9, 2013.
  40. ↑ a b Palau: Typhoon Haiyan - initial damage reports as at 7 November 2013 ( English , PDF; 1.1 MB) In: ReliefWeb . United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs . November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  41. ↑ a b OCHA Flash Update No. 3 FSM & Palau ( English ) In: ReliefWeb . United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs . November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  42. ↑ Typhoon "Haiyan": Meteorologists warn of monster storm. In: Spiegel online , November 8, 2013 ( online )
  43. ↑ Chaos caused by hurricane: Super typhoon "Haiyan" hits the Philippines. In: Spiegel online , November 8, 2013 ( online )
  44. ↑ a b Tagesspiegel : Apparently 10,000 dead by "Haiyan" in the Philippines on November 10, 2013
  45. ↑ Kleine Zeitung : 4.58 million people need help ( memento from November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) from November 10, 2013
  46. ↑ Doctors Without Borders : aerzte-ohne-grenzen.de of November 14, 2013
  47. ↑ Social networks help in times of crisis November 11, 2013 Deutsche Welle online, accessed on June 22, 2015.
  48. ↑ The Taclob project on Betterplace: betterplace.org from February 8, 2016.
  49. ↑ rappler.com
  50. ↑ facebook.com
  51. ^ A b Tropical Storm Haiyan makes landfall in Vietnam ( English ) British Broadcasting Company. November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  52. ↑ Typhoon Haiyan brings gales, rainstorms to S China ( English ) November 11, 2013. Accessed November 11, 2013.
  53. ↑ 8-meter waves kill 8 in Taiwan ( English ) Xinhua News. November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
  54. ↑ Typhoon List ( English ) In: Digital Typhoon . 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  55. ↑ Jeff Masters: Super Typhoon Haiyan: Strongest Landfalling Tropical Cyclone on Record ( English ) Weather Underground. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
  56. ↑ Michael Turk: Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) November 7, 2013 1430z Satellite Bulletin ( English ) In: Satellite Analysis Branch . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  57. ↑ Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) ADT History Listing ( English ) In: Satellite Analysis Branch . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 8, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  58. ↑ Position History for 31W ( English ) In: Satellite Analysis Branch . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. November 8, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.